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0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">YY Group Holdings Limited (the “Company” or the “Group”) is a limited company incorporated and domiciled in British Virgin Islands and whose shares are publicly traded. The registered office is located at 60 Paya Lebar Road #05-43 Paya Lebar Square Singapore 409051. In order to better serve the Company’s clients and accommodate the growing team, the Company have moved to a new office with effective on March 1, 2024. It is located at 60 Paya Lebar Road #09-13/14/15/16/17 Paya Lebar Square Singapore 409051. The Company is principally a data and technology driven company focused on developing enterprise intelligent labor matching services and smart cleaning services based in Singapore. Through the Company and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Group”), the Group provide enterprise manpower outsourcing and smart cleaning services in Singapore and Malaysia.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s subsidiaries were as follows:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 25%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Subsidiaries</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 15%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Date of<br/> Incorporation</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Jurisdiction of<br/> Formation</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Percentage of <br/> direct/indirect<br/> Economic<br/> Ownership</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 36%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Principal<br/> Activities</b></span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">YY Circle (SG) Pte Ltd</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">June 13, 2019</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Singapore</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">100%</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Manpower Contracting Services </span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: white"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Hong Ye Group Pte Ltd</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">December 28, 2010</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Singapore</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">100%</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1. Employment Agencies</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2. General Cleaning Services</span></p></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">YY Circle Sdn Bhd</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July 22, 2022</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Malaysia</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">90%</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Manpower outsourcing with information technology solution, as well as, general cleaning services</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: white"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Hong Ye Maintenance (MY) Sdn Bhd</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">November 8, 2022</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Malaysia</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">100%</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">General cleaning services </span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As described above, the Company, through a series of transactions which is accounted for as a reorganization of entities under a common control (the “Reorganization”), will become the ultimate parent of its subsidiaries.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i> </i></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Through the reorganization, the Company will be the holding company of its subsidiaries. Accordingly, the consolidated financial statements will be prepared on a consolidated basis by applying the principle of common control as if the reorganization has been completed at the beginning of the first reporting period.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Based on the above, the Group concluded that the Company and its subsidiaries are effectively controlled by the shareholder before and after the Reorganization and the Reorganization is considered under common control. The transactions above were accounted for as a recapitalization. The consolidation of the Company and its subsidiaries has been accounted for at carrying value and prepared on the basis as if the aforementioned transactions had become effective as of the beginning of the first period presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.</span></p> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s subsidiaries were as follows:</span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 25%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Subsidiaries</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 15%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Date of<br/> Incorporation</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Jurisdiction of<br/> Formation</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Percentage of <br/> direct/indirect<br/> Economic<br/> Ownership</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 36%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Principal<br/> Activities</b></span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">YY Circle (SG) Pte Ltd</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">June 13, 2019</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Singapore</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">100%</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Manpower Contracting Services </span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: white"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Hong Ye Group Pte Ltd</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">December 28, 2010</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Singapore</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">100%</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1. Employment Agencies</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2. General Cleaning Services</span></p></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">YY Circle Sdn Bhd</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">July 22, 2022</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Malaysia</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">90%</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Manpower outsourcing with information technology solution, as well as, general cleaning services</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: white"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; padding-left: 9pt; text-indent: -9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Hong Ye Maintenance (MY) Sdn Bhd</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">November 8, 2022</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Malaysia</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">100%</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">General cleaning services </span></td></tr> </table> June 13, 2019 Singapore 1 Manpower Contracting Services December 28, 2010 Singapore 1 1. Employment Agencies 2. General Cleaning Services July 22, 2022 Malaysia 0.90 Manpower outsourcing with information technology solution, as well as, general cleaning services November 8, 2022 Malaysia 1 General cleaning services <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>REVISION OF PRIOR PERIOD FINANCIAL STATEMENTS</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In connection with the preparation of our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements, we identified two immaterial errors with regard to cost of revenues for the annual periods ended December 31, 2022 and 2021 and the finance cost for the annual period ended December 31, 2022. These two errors were related to the recognition of cost of revenue and finance cost in incorrect period. We evaluated the errors and determined that the related impact was not material to our consolidated financial statements for any prior periods in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 99, “Materiality,” and SAB No. 108, “Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements”, but that correction of the impact of the errors would be significant to our results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2023. Accordingly, we have revised previously reported financial information for such immaterial errors, as previously disclosed in our Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. A summary of revisions to our previously reported financial statements presented herein for comparative purposes is included below.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Revised Consolidated Statements of Financial Position</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of December 31, 2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of December 31, 2021</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As reported</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Adjustment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As revised</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As reported</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Adjustment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As revised</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 28%; text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Deferred tax assets</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">71,065</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">7,480</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">78,545</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">105,712</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">7,954</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">113,666</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Total Non-current assets</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">560,582</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">7,480</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">568,062</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">656,422</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">7,954</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">664,376</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Total assets</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">5,760,302</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">7,480</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">5,767,782</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">5,114,677</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">7,954</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">5,122,631</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Trade and other payables</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,969,741</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">44,002</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,013,743</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,723,030</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">46,784</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,769,814</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Total Current Liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,470,821</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">44,002</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,514,823</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,218,480</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">46,784</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,265,264</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Total Liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,782,131</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">44,002</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,826,133</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">5,142,506</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">46,784</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">5,189,290</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Accumulated deficit</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(270,015</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(36,522</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(306,537</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(1,029,335</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(1,068,165</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in">Equity (deficit) attributable to owners of the Company</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">978,847</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(36,522</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">942,325</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(27,829</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(66,659</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Total equity (deficit)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">978,171</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(36,522</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">941,649</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(27,829</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(66,659</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Revised consolidated Statements of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">For the year ended December 31, 2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">For the year ended December 31, 2021</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As reported</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Adjustment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As revised</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As reported</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Adjustment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As revised</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 28%; padding-left: 0pt">Cost of revenue</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(17,496,915</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">46,784</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(17,450,131</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(15,115,601</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(46,784</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(15,162,385</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Gross profit</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,525,614</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">46,784</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,572,398</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,345,172</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(46,784</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,298,388</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Operating profit</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,186,076</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">46,784</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,232,860</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">564,544</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(46,784</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">517,760</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Finance cost</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(285,368</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(44,002</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(329,370</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(169,608</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-80">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(169,608</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Profit before tax</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">900,708</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,782</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">903,490</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">394,936</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(46,784</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">348,152</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Income tax (expenses)/benefit</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(141,676</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(474</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(142,150</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">6,754</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">7,954</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">14,708</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Profit for the year</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">759,032</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,308</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">761,340</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">401,690</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">362,860</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in">Total comprehensive income for the year</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">785,963</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,308</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">788,271</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">391,751</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">352,921</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Revised Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Accumulated<br/> deficit</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total Equity<br/> (Deficit)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">USD</td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">USD</td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">USD</td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold">As Reported</td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; font-weight: bold">Balance at January 1, 2021</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(708,280</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">303,165</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">303,165</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Profit for the year</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">401,690</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">401,690</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">401,690</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Total comprehensive income for the year</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">401,690</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">391,751</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">391,751</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Balance at December 31, 2021</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(1,029,335</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(27,829</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(27,829</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Profit for the year</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">759,320</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">759,320</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">759,032</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Total comprehensive income for the year</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">759,320</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">786,639</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">785,963</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Balance at December 31, 2022</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(270,015</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">978,847</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">978,171</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Adjustment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Balance at January 1, 2021</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-81">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-82">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-83">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Loss for the year</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Total comprehensive loss for the year</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Balance at December 31, 2021</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Profit for the year</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,308</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,308</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,308</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Total comprehensive income for the year</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,308</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,308</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,308</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Balance at December 31, 2022</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(36,522</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(36,522</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(36,522</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold">As Revised</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Balance at January 1, 2021</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(708,280</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">303,165</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">303,165</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Profit for the year</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">362,860</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">362,860</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">362,860</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Total comprehensive income for the year</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">362,860</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">352,921</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">352,921</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Balance at December 31, 2021</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(1,068,165</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(66,659</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(66,659</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Profit for the year</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">761,628</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">761,628</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">761,340</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Total comprehensive income for the year</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">761,628</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">788,947</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">788,271</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Balance at December 31, 2022</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(306,537</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">942,325</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">941,649</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Revised Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">For the year ended December 31, 2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">For the year ended December 31, 2021</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As reported</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Adjustment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As revised</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As reported</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Adjustment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As revised</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 28%; text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Profit for the year</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">759,032</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,308</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">761,340</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">401,690</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">362,860</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Finance Cost</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">285,368</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">44,002</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">329,370</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">169,608</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-84">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">169,608</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Income tax expenses (benefit)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">141,676</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">474</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">142,150</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(6,754</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(7,954</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(14,708</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Trade and other payables</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(42,985</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(46,784</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(89,769</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,077,786</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">46,784</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,124,570</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in">Net cash provided by operating activities</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">935,273</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-85">-</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">935,273</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">424,079</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-86">-</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">424,079</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Revised Consolidated Statements of Financial Position</b></span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of December 31, 2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of December 31, 2021</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As reported</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Adjustment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As revised</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As reported</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Adjustment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As revised</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 28%; text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Deferred tax assets</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">71,065</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">7,480</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">78,545</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">105,712</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">7,954</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">113,666</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Total Non-current assets</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">560,582</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">7,480</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">568,062</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">656,422</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">7,954</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">664,376</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Total assets</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">5,760,302</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">7,480</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">5,767,782</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">5,114,677</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">7,954</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">5,122,631</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Trade and other payables</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,969,741</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">44,002</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,013,743</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,723,030</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">46,784</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,769,814</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Total Current Liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,470,821</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">44,002</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,514,823</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,218,480</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">46,784</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,265,264</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Total Liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,782,131</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">44,002</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,826,133</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">5,142,506</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">46,784</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">5,189,290</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Accumulated deficit</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(270,015</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(36,522</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(306,537</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(1,029,335</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(1,068,165</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in">Equity (deficit) attributable to owners of the Company</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">978,847</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(36,522</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">942,325</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(27,829</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(66,659</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Total equity (deficit)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">978,171</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(36,522</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">941,649</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(27,829</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(66,659</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr> </table> 71065 7480 78545 105712 7954 113666 560582 7480 568062 656422 7954 664376 5760302 7480 5767782 5114677 7954 5122631 1969741 44002 2013743 1723030 46784 1769814 3470821 44002 3514823 4218480 46784 4265264 4782131 44002 4826133 5142506 46784 5189290 -270015 -36522 -306537 -1029335 -38830 -1068165 978847 -36522 942325 -27829 -38830 -66659 978171 -36522 941649 -27829 -38830 -66659 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Revised consolidated Statements of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income</b></span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">For the year ended December 31, 2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">For the year ended December 31, 2021</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As reported</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Adjustment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As revised</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As reported</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Adjustment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As revised</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 28%; padding-left: 0pt">Cost of revenue</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(17,496,915</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">46,784</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(17,450,131</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(15,115,601</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(46,784</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(15,162,385</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Gross profit</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,525,614</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">46,784</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,572,398</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,345,172</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(46,784</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,298,388</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Operating profit</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,186,076</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">46,784</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,232,860</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">564,544</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(46,784</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">517,760</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Finance cost</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(285,368</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(44,002</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(329,370</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(169,608</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-80">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(169,608</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Profit before tax</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">900,708</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,782</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">903,490</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">394,936</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(46,784</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">348,152</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Income tax (expenses)/benefit</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(141,676</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(474</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(142,150</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">6,754</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">7,954</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">14,708</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Profit for the year</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">759,032</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,308</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">761,340</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">401,690</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">362,860</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in">Total comprehensive income for the year</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">785,963</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,308</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">788,271</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">391,751</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">352,921</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> 17496915 -46784 17450131 15115601 46784 15162385 2525614 46784 2572398 2345172 -46784 2298388 1186076 46784 1232860 564544 -46784 517760 285368 44002 329370 169608 169608 900708 2782 903490 394936 -46784 348152 -141676 -474 -142150 6754 7954 14708 759032 2308 761340 401690 -38830 362860 785963 2308 788271 391751 -38830 352921 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Revised Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity</b></span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Accumulated<br/> deficit</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total Equity<br/> (Deficit)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">USD</td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">USD</td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">USD</td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold">As Reported</td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; font-weight: bold">Balance at January 1, 2021</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(708,280</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">303,165</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">303,165</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Profit for the year</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">401,690</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">401,690</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">401,690</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Total comprehensive income for the year</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">401,690</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">391,751</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">391,751</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Balance at December 31, 2021</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(1,029,335</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(27,829</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(27,829</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Profit for the year</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">759,320</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">759,320</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">759,032</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Total comprehensive income for the year</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">759,320</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">786,639</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">785,963</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Balance at December 31, 2022</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(270,015</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">978,847</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">978,171</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Adjustment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Balance at January 1, 2021</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-81">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-82">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-83">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Loss for the year</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Total comprehensive loss for the year</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Balance at December 31, 2021</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Profit for the year</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,308</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,308</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,308</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Total comprehensive income for the year</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,308</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,308</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,308</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Balance at December 31, 2022</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(36,522</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(36,522</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(36,522</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold">As Revised</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Balance at January 1, 2021</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(708,280</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">303,165</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">303,165</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Profit for the year</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">362,860</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">362,860</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">362,860</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Total comprehensive income for the year</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">362,860</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">352,921</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">352,921</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Balance at December 31, 2021</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(1,068,165</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(66,659</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(66,659</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Profit for the year</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">761,628</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">761,628</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">761,340</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Total comprehensive income for the year</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">761,628</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">788,947</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">788,271</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Balance at December 31, 2022</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(306,537</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">942,325</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">941,649</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> -708280 303165 303165 401690 401690 401690 401690 391751 391751 -1029335 -27829 -27829 759320 759320 759032 759320 786639 785963 -270015 978847 978171 -38830 -38830 -38830 -38830 -38830 -38830 -38830 -38830 -38830 2308 2308 2308 2308 2308 2308 -36522 -36522 -36522 -708280 303165 303165 362860 362860 362860 362860 352921 352921 -1068165 -66659 -66659 761628 761628 761340 761628 788947 788271 -306537 942325 941649 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Revised Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows</b></span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">For the year ended December 31, 2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">For the year ended December 31, 2021</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As reported</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Adjustment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As revised</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As reported</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Adjustment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As revised</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 28%; text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Profit for the year</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">759,032</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,308</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">761,340</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">401,690</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(38,830</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">362,860</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Finance Cost</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">285,368</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">44,002</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">329,370</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">169,608</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-84">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">169,608</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Income tax expenses (benefit)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">141,676</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">474</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">142,150</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(6,754</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(7,954</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(14,708</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-left: 0pt">Trade and other payables</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(42,985</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(46,784</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(89,769</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,077,786</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">46,784</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,124,570</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 0.125in">Net cash provided by operating activities</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">935,273</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-85">-</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">935,273</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">424,079</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-86">-</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">424,079</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> 759032 2308 761340 401690 -38830 362860 285368 44002 329370 169608 169608 141676 474 142150 -6754 -7954 -14708 -42985 -46784 -89769 1077786 46784 1124570 935273 935273 424079 424079 <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>3</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">  </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>BASIS OF PREPARATION</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>3.1</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Statement of compliance </b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). All IFRSs issued by the IASB, effective at the time of preparing these consolidated financial statements have been applied. As the Group neither prepared nor reported a complete set of financial statements in the past, the reconciliations from previous GAAP to IFRS were not disclosed.</p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group prepared the consolidated financial statements that comply with IFRS applicable as at December 31, 2023 together with the comparative period data for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, as described in the summary of significant accounting policies.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>3.2</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Basis of measurement</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis except as otherwise indicated in the accounting policies.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>3.3</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Functional and presentation currency</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars (“USD” or “US$” or “$”), which is the Company’s functional currency.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>3.4</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Use of estimates and judgments</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the year in which the estimates are revised and in any future years affected.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Information about critical judgements in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements is included in the following notes:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note 4.10 – Revenue recognition: Principal vs. agent considerations; and</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note 4.4 – Compound financial instruments.</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Information about assumptions and estimation uncertainties that have a significant risk of resulting in a material adjustment within the next financial year are included in the following notes:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note 4.6 – Measurement of expected credit losses (“ECL”) for non-derivative financial assets; and</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Note 4.15– Income tax.</span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Measurement of fair value</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">A number of the Group’s accounting policies and disclosures require the measurement of fair values, for both financial and non-financial assets and liabilities.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">As part of an established control framework, significant unobservable inputs and valuation adjustments are regularly reviewed. If third party information, such as broker quotes or pricing services, is used to measure fair values, such information is assessed to support the conclusion that such valuations meet the requirements of IFRS, including the level in the fair value hierarchy in which such valuations should be classified.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"> </p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Group uses observable market data as far as possible. Fair values are categorized into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 1 quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 2 inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (<span style="background-color: white">i.e. as prices</span>) or indirectly (<span style="background-color: white">i.e. derived from prices</span>); and</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Level 3 inputs for the asset or liability that are not based on observable market data (<span style="background-color: white">unobservable inputs</span>).</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">If the inputs used to measure the fair value of an asset or a liability fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, then the fair value measurement is categorized in its entirety in the same level of the fair value hierarchy as the lowest level input that is significant to the entire measurement (with Level 3 being the lowest).</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">The Group recognizes transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy as of the end of the reporting year during which the change has occurred.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Further information about the assumptions made in measuring fair values is included in the following notes:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"> <td style="width: 1in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">●</td><td style="text-align: justify">Note 4.4 – Compound financial instruments</td> </tr></table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1.25in"> </p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"> <td style="width: 1in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">●</td><td style="text-align: justify">Note 4.5 – Share-based payment to non-employees</td> </tr></table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">The Group has consistently applied the following accounting policies to all years presented in these consolidated financial statements. </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.1</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Basis of consolidation</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>(a)</i></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Subsidiaries</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. The Group controls an entity when it is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>(b)</i></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Non-controlling interests (“NCI”)</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-controlling interest in a subsidiary is accounted for separately from the parent’s ownership interests in a subsidiary. Profit or loss and each component of other comprehensive income are attributed to the shareholders of the parent and non-controlling interest, even if this result in the non-controlling interest having a deficit balance. A change in the ownership interest of a subsidiary without a loss of control, is accounted for as an equity transaction.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>(c)</i></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Transactions eliminated on consolidation</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Intra-group balances and transactions, and any unrealized income or expenses arising from intra-group transactions, are eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements. Unrealized gains arising from transactions with equity-accounted investees are eliminated against the investment to the extent of the Group’s interest in the investee. Unrealized losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealized gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"> <td style="width: 0.5in"></td><td style="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><b>4.2</b></td><td style="text-align: justify"><b>Changes in accounting policies</b></td> </tr></table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b> </b></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">The IASB has issued the following amendments to IFRSs that are first effective for the year ended December 31, 2023 of the Group:</p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> </p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.5in"> </td> <td style="width: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">●</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amendments to IAS 16, Property, plant and equipment: Proceeds before intended use</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">●</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amendments to IAS 37: Onerous contracts – Cost of fulfilling a contract</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">●</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Annual improvements to IFRS standards 2018-2020</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">●</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amendments to IFRS 3: Reference to the conceptual framework</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> </p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">None of these developments have had a material effect on how the Group’s results and financial position for the current or prior periods have been prepared or presented. The Group has not applied any new standard or interpretation that is not yet effective for the current accounting period as set out in Note 4.18.</p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> </p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"> <td style="width: 0.5in"></td><td style="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><b>4.3</b></td><td style="text-align: justify"><b>Foreign currency</b></td> </tr></table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>i)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Foreign currency transactions</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the respective functional currencies of Group entities at the exchange rates at the date of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated to the functional currency at the exchange rate at the reporting date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items that are measured based on historical cost in a foreign currency are translated at the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Foreign currency differences are recognized in profit or loss and presented within finance costs.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Translation of foreign currencies into US$1 have been made at the following exchange rates for the respective periods:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of<br/> December 31,<br/> 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of<br/> December 31,<br/> 2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of<br/> December 31,<br/> 2021</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Period-end SGD: US$1 exchange rate</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1.3186</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1.3446</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1.3517</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Period-end MYR: US$1 exchange rate*</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">4.5912</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">4.4129</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-87">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Period-average SGD: US$1 exchange rate</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1.3414</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1.3792</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1.3437</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Period-average MYR: US$1 exchange rate*</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">4.5617</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">4.4061</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-88">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"> <td style="width: 0in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company did not have any Malaysia subsidiaries prior to July 22, 2022</span></td> </tr></table> <p style="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>ii)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Foreign operations</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated to United States dollars at exchange rates at the reporting date. The income and expenses of foreign operations are translated to United States dollars at average exchange rates.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Foreign currency differences are recognized in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and presented in the foreign currency translation reserve in equity except to the extent that the translation difference is allocated to NCI. When a foreign operation is disposed of in its entirety or partially such that control, significant influence or joint control is lost, the cumulative amount in the translation reserve related to that foreign operation is reclassified to profit or loss as part of the gain or loss on disposal. When the Group disposes of only part of its interest in a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation while retaining control, the relevant proportion of the cumulative amount is reattributed to NCI. When the Group disposes of only part of its investment in an associate or joint venture that includes a foreign operation while retaining significant influence or joint control, the relevant proportion of the cumulative amount is reclassified to profit or loss.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">When the settlement of a monetary item receivable from or payable to a foreign operation is neither planned nor likely to occur in the foreseeable future, foreign exchange gains and losses arising from such a monetary item that are considered to form part of a net investment in a foreign operation are recognized in OCI and are presented in the translation reserve in equity.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.4</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Financial instruments</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>i)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Recognition and initial measurement</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trade receivables and debt investments issued are initially recognized when they are originated. All other financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognized when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A financial asset (unless it is a trade receivable without a significant financing component) or financial liability is initially measured at fair value plus or minus, for an item not at fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”), transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue. A trade receivable without a significant financing component is initially measured at the transaction price.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>ii)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Classification and subsequent measurement</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>a)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Financial assets</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at: amortized cost; fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVOCI”), which means the gains or losses resulting from assets measured at fair value due to changes in fair value-measured amounts, FVOCI - debt investment; FVOCI – equity investment; or FVTPL.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition unless the Group changes its business model for managing financial assets, in which case all affected financial assets are reclassified on the first day of the first reporting year following the change in the business model.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A financial asset is measured at amortized cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"> <td style="width: 1in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and</span></td> </tr></table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">its contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A debt investment is measured at FVOCI if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">its contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On initial recognition of an equity investment that is not held-for-trading, the Group may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in the investment’s fair value in OCI. This election is made on an investment-by-investment basis.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All financial assets not classified as measured at amortized cost or FVOCI as described above are measured at FVTPL. This includes all derivative financial assets. On initial recognition, the Group may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortized cost or at FVOCI as at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Financial assets – Business model assessment</i></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group makes an assessment of the objective of the business model in which a financial asset is held at a portfolio level because this best reflects the way the business is managed, and information is provided to management. The information considered includes:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the stated policies and objectives for the portfolio and the operation of those policies in practice. These include whether management’s strategy focuses on earning contractual interest income, maintaining a particular interest rate profile, matching the duration of the financial assets to the duration of any related liabilities or expected cash outflows or realizing cash flows through the sale of the assets;</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">how the performance of the portfolio is evaluated and reported to the Group’s management;</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the risks that affect the performance of the business model (and the financial assets held within that business model) and how those risks are managed;</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">how managers of the business are compensated – e.g. whether compensation is based on the fair value of the assets managed or the contractual cash flows collected; and</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the frequency, volume and timing of sales of financial assets in prior years, the reasons for such sales and expectations about future sales activity.</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Transfer of financial assets to third parties in transactions that do not qualify for derecognition are not considered sales for this purpose, consistent with the Group’s continuing recognition of the assets.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financial assets that are held-for-trading or are managed and whose performance is evaluated on a fair value basis are measured at FVTPL.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Financial assets – Assessment whether contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest</i></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i> </i></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For the purposes of this assessment, ‘principal’ is defined as the fair value of the financial asset on initial recognition. ‘Interest’ is defined as consideration for the time value of money and for the credit risk associated with the principal amount outstanding during a particular period of time and for other basic lending risks and costs (e.g. liquidity risk and administrative costs), as well as a profit margin.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In assessing whether the contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest, the Group considers the contractual terms of the instrument. This includes assessing whether the financial asset contains a contractual term that could change the timing or amount of contractual cash flows such that it would not meet this condition. In making this assessment, the Group considers:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">contingent events that would change the amount or timing of cash flows;</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">terms that may adjust the contractual coupon rate, including variable-rate features;</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">prepayment and extension features; and</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">terms that limit the Group’s claim to cash flows from specified assets (e.g. non-recourse features).</span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A prepayment feature is consistent with the solely payments of principal and interest criterion if the prepayment amount substantially represents unpaid amounts of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding, which may include reasonable additional compensation for early termination of the contract. Additionally, for a financial asset acquired at a discount or premium to its contractual par amount, a feature that permits or requires prepayment at an amount that substantially represents the contractual par amount plus accrued (but unpaid) contractual interest (which may also include reasonable additional compensation for early termination) is treated as consistent with this criterion if the fair value of the prepayment feature is insignificant at initial recognition.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Financial assets – Subsequent measurement and gains and losses</i></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i> </i></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Financial assets at FVTPL</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gains and losses, including any interest or dividend income, are recognized in profit or loss.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Financial assets at amortized cost</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. The amortized cost is reduced by impairment losses. Interest income, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognized in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is recognized in profit or loss.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Debt investments at FVOCI</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Interest income calculated using the effective interest method, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognized in profit or loss. Other net gains and losses are recognized in OCI. On derecognition, gains and losses accumulated in OCI are reclassified to profit or loss.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Equity investments at FVOCI</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Dividends are recognized as income in profit or loss unless the dividend clearly represents a recovery of part of the cost of the investment. Other net gains and losses are recognized in OCI and are never reclassified to profit or loss.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>b)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Financial liabilities – Classification, subsequent measurement and gains and losses</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortized cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held-for-trading, it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value less directly attributable transaction costs. They are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss. These financial liabilities comprised loans and borrowings and trade and other payables.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>iii)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Derecognition</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>a)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Financial assets</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Group neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and it does not retain control of the financial asset.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Where the Group enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognized in its statement of financial position but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognized.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>b)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Financial liabilities</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled or expire. The Group also derecognizes a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows of the modified liability are substantially different, in which case a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognized at fair value.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On derecognition of a financial liability, the difference between the carrying amount extinguished and the consideration paid (including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed) is recognized in profit or loss.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>iv)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Share capital</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of shares are recognized as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>v)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Compound financial instruments</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Compound financial instruments issued by the Group included a convertible loan denominated in Singapore dollars that could be converted to share capital at the option of the holder, where the number of shares to be issued was fixed and did not vary with changes in fair value.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The liability component of a compound financial instrument is recognized initially at the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an equity conversion option. The equity component is initially recognized at the difference between the fair value of the compound financial instrument as a whole and the fair value of the liability component. Any directly attributable transaction costs are allocated to the liability and equity components in proportion to their initial carrying amounts.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subsequent to initial recognition, the liability component of a compound financial instrument is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. The equity component of a compound financial instrument is not remeasured. Interest related to the liability component is recognized in profit or loss and presented within finance costs. On conversion, the liability component is reclassified to equity and no gain or loss is recognized.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.5</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Share-based payments to non-employees</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This policy applies to all share-based payments granted to non-employees, including consultants, contractors, and other external parties, in exchange for goods or services.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Recognition and Measurement:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fair Value Determination: The fair value of share-based payments issued to non-employees is determined at the grant date using an appropriate valuation model. Factors considered in determining fair value may include the market price of the company’s shares, the expected volatility of the company’s stock price, the expected term of the share-based payment, and other relevant factors.</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Expense Recognition: Share-based payment expenses are recognized in the income statement over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the equity instrument. The expense is recognized on a straight-line basis unless another systematic and rational basis is more representative of the grant’s vesting pattern.</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subsequent Measurement: Any changes in the fair value of the share-based payment subsequent to the grant date are recognized as a charge or credit to the income statement, with a corresponding adjustment to the share-based payment liability or equity account until the liability is settled or the equity instrument vests.</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Disclosure:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">General Disclosure: The company discloses the nature and terms of share- based payment arrangements with non-employees, including the number of shares or options granted, the vesting schedule, and the fair value determination method.</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Expense Disclosure: The total share-based payment expense recognized during the period, as well as any significant assumptions used in determining fair value, are disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.6</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Expected credit losses for the non-derivative financial assets  </b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>i)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Non-derivative financial assets</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group recognizes allowances for expected credit loss on non-derivative financial assets measured at amortized cost.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Allowances are measured on either of the following bases:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12-month ECLs: these are ECLs that result from default events that are possible within the 12 months after the reporting date (or for a shorter period if the expected life of the instrument is less than 12 months); or</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lifetime ECLs: these are ECLs that result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument or contract asset.</span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Simplified approach</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group applies the simplified approach to provide for ECLs for all non-derivative financial assets. The simplified approach requires the allowances to be measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Measurement of ECLs</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ECLs are probability-weighted estimates of credit losses. Credit losses are measured at the present value of all cash shortfalls (i.e., the difference between the cash flows due to the Group in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Group expects to receive). ECLs are discounted at the effective interest rate of the non-derivative financial asset.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Credit-impaired non-derivative financial assets</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether non-derivative financial assets carried at amortized cost and debt investments at FVOCI are ‘credit-impaired’. A non-derivative financial asset is ‘credit-impaired’ when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the non-derivative financial asset have occurred.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Evidence that a non-derivative financial asset is credit-impaired includes the following observable data:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">significant financial difficulty of the borrower or issuer;</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a breach of contract such as a default or being more than 90 days past due;</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the restructuring of a loan or advance by the Group on terms that the Group would not consider otherwise;</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">it is probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or another financial reorganization; or</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the disappearance of an active market for a security because of financial difficulties.</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Presentation of allowance for ECLs in the statement of financial position</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <p style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Allowances for non-derivative financial assets measured at amortized cost are deducted from the gross carrying amount of the assets.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Write-off</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The gross carrying amount of a non-derivative financial asset is written off (either partially or in full) to the extent that there is no realistic prospect of recovery. This is generally the case when the Group determines that the debtor does not have assets or sources of income that could generate sufficient cash flows to repay the amounts subject to the write-off. However, non-derivative financial assets that are written off could still be subject to enforcement activities in order to comply with the Group’s procedures for recovery of amounts due.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">  </span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>ii)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Non-financial assets</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At each reporting date, the Group reviews the carrying amounts of its non-financial assets (other than deferred tax assets) to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or Cash generated units (CGUs) first.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs of disposal. Value in use is based on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Impairment losses are recognized in profit or loss. They are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU (if any), and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the CGU on a pro rata basis.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For other assets, an impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.7</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Property and equipment</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 27.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.35pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(i)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Recognition and measurement</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Property and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.  </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cost includes expenditures that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset. The cost of self-constructed assets includes:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any other costs directly attributable to bringing the assets to a working condition for their intended use; and</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">when the Group has an obligation to remove the asset or restore the site, an estimate of the costs of dismantling and removing the items and restoring the site on which they are located</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">When parts of an item of property and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property and equipment.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The gain or loss on disposal of an item of property and equipment is recognized in profit or loss and presented within other income or other expenses.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>ii)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Subsequent costs</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The cost of replacing a component of an item of property and equipment is recognized in the carrying amount of the item if it is probable that the future economic benefits embodied within the component will flow to the Group, and its cost can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced component is derecognized. The costs of the day-to-day servicing of property and equipment are recognized in profit or loss as incurred and presented within cost of revenue and general and administrative expenses.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>iii)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Depreciation </b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 27.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.35pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Depreciation is based on the cost of an asset less its residual value. Significant components of individual assets are assessed and if a component has a useful life that is different from the remainder of that asset, that component is depreciated separately.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Depreciation is recognized as an expense in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of each component of an item of property and equipment, unless it is included in the carrying amount of another asset.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Depreciation is recognized from the date that the property and equipment is installed and are ready for use, or in respect of internally constructed assets, from the date that the asset is completed and ready for use.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The estimated useful lives for the current and comparative years are as follows:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 89%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cleaning machinery</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3 - 5 years</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Computers hardware</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1 - 3 years</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Furniture and fittings</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3 years</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Office renovation</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3 years</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Office equipment</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3 years</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each reporting year and adjusted if appropriate.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.8</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Lease</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 70.9pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At inception of a contract, the Group assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. When the Group has the right to obtain and direct substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the identified asset throughout the period of use, the contract conveys the right to control the use of the identified asset.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 70.9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 70.9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As a lessee</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 70.9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At commencement or on modification of a contract that contains a lease component, the Group allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease component on the basis of its relative stand-alone prices. The Group recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the end of the lease term, unless the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the Group by the end of the lease term or the cost of the right-of-use asset reflects that the Group will exercise a purchase option. In that case the right-of-use asset will be depreciated over the useful life of the underlying asset, which is determined on the same basis as those of property and equipment. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The right-of-use asset is subsequently stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Group’s incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Group uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group determines its incremental borrowing rate by obtaining interest rates from various external financing sources and makes certain adjustments to reflect the terms of the lease and type of the asset leased.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the following:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">fixed payments, including in-substance fixed payments;</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 96px; font-size: 10pt"> </td> <td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the exercise price under a purchase option that the Group is reasonably certain to exercise, lease payments in an optional renewal period if the Group is reasonably certain to exercise an extension option, and penalties for early termination of a lease unless the Group is reasonably certain not to terminate early.</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The lease liability is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the Group’s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, if the Group changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option or if there is a revised in-substance fixed lease payment.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset or is recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group presents right-of-use assets that do not meet the definition of investment property separately and lease liabilities in ‘loan and borrowings’ in the statement of financial position.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Short-term and low-value leases</i></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group has elected not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases of low-value assets and short-term leases. The Group recognizes the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">  </span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.9</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Employee benefits</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i)</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Defined contribution plans</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 38.55pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate entity and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution pension plans are recognized as an employee benefit expense in profit or loss in the years during which related services are rendered by employees.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii)</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Short-term employee benefits</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognized for the amount expected to be paid under short-term cash bonus or other plans if the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee, and the obligation can be estimated reliably.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iii)</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Employee leave entitlement</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Employee entitlements to annual leave are recognized when they accrue to employees. A provision is made for the estimated liability for annual leave as a result of services rendered by employees up to the balance sheet date.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.10</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Revenue</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group recognizes revenue as or when it satisfies its performance obligations. The Group earns revenue predominantly from the following services: </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>i)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Revenue by segment</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 70.9pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>a)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Cleaning Service</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group provides customizable professional cleaning solution services based on requirements set by clients and/or the authorities, including but not limited to commercial cleaning for offices &amp; schools, hospitality cleaning for hotels, shopping malls and retail, pest control services and etc. The Group also offer cleaning robots and machines for better cleaning performance by deploying the robots at designated premises.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The cleaning service promises including providing cleaning personnel, supply of equipment and material, floor treatment service and etc. During the process of providing cleaning services, the customers cannot benefit from the single promise. Therefore, the Group identifies only one performance obligation that is to providing cleaning service to the customer as the promises are not distinct in accordance with IFRS 15.27(a).</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">The consideration of providing cleaning services is either based on the incentive payment model works by pegging the monthly pay-outs to the performance score of the cleaning services as stipulated in the contract or based on attendance payment model works by the combination of the number of cleaners actually attended and the corresponding workday pay rate. The Group has provided cleaning services since 2018 and has long-term cooperation experience with hotels, shopping malls and etc. Thus, the Company has accumulated sufficient experience on monitoring the progress in providing cleaning services and will adjust the estimated consideration on a timely manner. Therefore, there is no significant constraining estimates of variable consideration.</p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group recognizes revenue on a gross basis as the Group is acting as a principal in these services and is responsible for fulfilling the promises to provide the specified cleaning services.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group provides cleaning services, customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefits and it is determined that the performance obligation is satisfied over time. In addition, since it is determined that customers receive equal benefits over the service periods from the cleaning services, revenue from cleaning services is recognized on a straight-line method over the service period.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>ii)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Manpower outsourcing service</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 70.9pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group enters into contracts with corporate customers to provide manpower outsourcing services, arranging casual workers with corresponding abilities and qualifications on demand to fulfil corporate customers’ various operation needs. The Group identifies only one performance obligation in manpower outsourcing services as the contract comprises of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the corporate customers, which is to provide casual workers in accordance with the demand of corporate customers.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 82.35pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The contract consideration is determined by the hours casual workers have worked times their workday pay rate. Revenue from manpower outsourcing services is recognized over time as the Group has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 82.35pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The contract payment is not subject to any variable consideration, refund, cancellation or termination provision. Customers generally make the payment within one or two months after monthly reconciliation of service considerations with the Group.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 70.9pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Principal versus agent considerations</i></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 70.9pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For the manpower outsourcing services provided, the Group considers itself the principal and recognizes revenue on a gross basis as it controls the services through the following key considerations:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 70.9pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group reserves the right to accept or reject the contracts or orders with the customers without involvement of the casual workers and directs the selected casual workers to provide services to the customers on the Group’s behalf. There is no direct cooperation relationship between the casual workers and the customers. The Group assumes responsibility for receiving and resolving the complaints over the quality of the services. If the casual workers fail to deliver their work and thus affect the Group’s performance obligation to the corporate customers, the Group should bear the loss of the corporate customers for breach of contract on its own, and then independently claim for compensation from casual workers for its loss.</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 70.9pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group has discretion in setting up the price. The involved casual workers are entitled to a fixed services fee agreed upon in advance irrespective of the consideration the Group collects from the customers.</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 70.9pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group bears the credit risk as the Group pays the consideration due to casual workers irrespective of whether the customers have paid the services consideration to the Group.</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 46.35pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.11</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Government grants</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Grants that compensate the Group for expenses incurred are recognized in profit or loss as other income on a systematic basis in the periods in which the expenses are recognized, unless the conditions for receiving the grant are met after the related expenses have been recognized. In this case, the grant is recognized when it becomes receivable.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.12</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Expenses</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The main components of the Group’s expenses by functions are as follows:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i)</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cost of revenue comprises expenses directly or indirectly attributable to the Group’s cleaning service and manpower outsourcing services and primarily consists of carrying amount of daily necessities used directly to perform cleaning and related tasks, cleaning staff cost and associated benefits, payments to casual workers where the Group is responsible for manpower services to corporate customers, and payment processing fees.</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii)</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sales and marketing primarily consist of advertising costs, meal and entertainment fee, recruitment expenses and transportation expenses.</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 2.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iii)</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">General and administrative expenses primarily consist of compensation costs for executive management and administrative personnel, occupancy and facility costs, administrative fees, professional service fees, depreciation on certain administration assets, fine and allocation of associated corporate costs such as depreciation of right-of-use assets.</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.13</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Finance costs</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group’s finance costs include:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">interest expenses</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Interest expense is recognized using the effective interest method.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument to:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the gross carrying amount of the financial asset; or</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the amortized cost of the financial liability.</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In calculating interest expense, the effective interest rate is applied to the gross carrying amount of the asset (when the asset is not credit-impaired) or to the amortized cost of the liability.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.14</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Related parties</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For the purpose of these consolidated financial statements, parties are considered to be related to the Group if the Group has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the party or exercise significant influence over the party in making financial and operating decisions, or vice versa, or where the Group and the party are subject to common control or common significant influence. Related parties may be individuals or other entities.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.15</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Income taxes</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current tax and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that they relate to a business combination, or items recognized directly in equity or in OCI.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax payable or receivable is the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received that reflects uncertainty related to income taxes, if any. Current tax assets and liabilities are offset only if certain criteria are met.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">temporary differences on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss;</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries to the extent that the Group is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill.</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The measurement of deferred taxes reflects the tax consequences that would follow the manner in which the Group expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities. Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realized simultaneously.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred tax assets are recognized for unused tax losses, unused tax credits and deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. Future taxable profits are determined based on the reversal of relevant taxable temporary differences. If the amount of taxable temporary differences is insufficient to recognize a deferred tax asset in full, then future taxable profits, adjusted for reversals of existing temporary differences, are considered, based on the business plans for individual subsidiaries in the Group. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized; such reductions are reversed when the probability of future taxable profits improves.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unrecognized deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In determining the amount of current and deferred tax, the Group takes into account the impact of uncertain tax positions and whether additional taxes and interest may be due. The Group believes that its accruals for income tax liabilities are adequate for all open tax years based on its assessment of many factors, including interpretations of tax law and prior experience. This assessment relies on estimates and assumptions and may involve a series of judgments about future events. New information may become available that causes the Group to change its judgment regarding the adequacy of existing tax liabilities; such changes to tax liabilities will impact income tax expense in the period that such a determination is made.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.16</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Earnings per share</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 40.7pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group presents basic and diluted earnings per share data for its shares. Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to shareholders of the Company by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the year, adjusted for own shares held, if any. Diluted earnings per share is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to shareholders and the weighted-average number of shares outstanding, adjusted for own shares held, if any, for the effects of all dilutive potential shares.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"> </p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.17</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Segment reporting</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 42.55pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">An operating segment is a component of the Group that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, including revenues and expenses that relate to transactions with any of the Group’s other components. The operating results are reviewed regularly by the Group’s chief executive officer (the Chief Operating Decision Maker or “CODM”) to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and to assess its performance, and for which discrete financial information is available. The Group has two operating segments, which is cleaning services segment and manpower outsourcing services, respectively. Segment results that are reported to the Group’s CODM include items directly attributable to a segment as well as those that can be allocated on a reasonable basis. Unallocated items comprise mainly corporate assets and head office expenses.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.18</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Standards issued but not yet effective</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">A number of new standards are effective for annual periods beginning after January 1, 2024 and earlier application is permitted; however, the Group has not early adopted the new or amended standards in preparing these consolidated financial statements. Based on an initial assessment, the following new and amended standards are not expected to have a significant impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.</p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Supplier Finance Arrangements (Amendments to IAS 7 and IFRS 7)</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lease Liability in a Sales and Leaseback (Amendments to IFRS 16)</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lack of Exchangeability (Amendments to IAS 21)</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current (Amendments to IAS 1)</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">●</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><p style="margin: 0pt 0">Sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture (Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28) - Will be determined at a future date</p></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">●</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><p style="margin: 0pt 0">Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current (Amendments to IAS 1)</p></td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.1</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Basis of consolidation</b></span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>(a)</i></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Subsidiaries</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. The Group controls an entity when it is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>(b)</i></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Non-controlling interests (“NCI”)</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Non-controlling interest in a subsidiary is accounted for separately from the parent’s ownership interests in a subsidiary. Profit or loss and each component of other comprehensive income are attributed to the shareholders of the parent and non-controlling interest, even if this result in the non-controlling interest having a deficit balance. A change in the ownership interest of a subsidiary without a loss of control, is accounted for as an equity transaction.</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>(c)</i></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Transactions eliminated on consolidation</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Intra-group balances and transactions, and any unrealized income or expenses arising from intra-group transactions, are eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements. Unrealized gains arising from transactions with equity-accounted investees are eliminated against the investment to the extent of the Group’s interest in the investee. Unrealized losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealized gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment.</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"> <td style="width: 0.5in"></td><td style="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><b>4.2</b></td><td style="text-align: justify"><b>Changes in accounting policies</b></td> </tr></table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">The IASB has issued the following amendments to IFRSs that are first effective for the year ended December 31, 2023 of the Group:</p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 0.5in"> </td> <td style="width: 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">●</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amendments to IAS 16, Property, plant and equipment: Proceeds before intended use</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">●</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amendments to IAS 37: Onerous contracts – Cost of fulfilling a contract</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">●</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Annual improvements to IFRS standards 2018-2020</span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">●</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amendments to IFRS 3: Reference to the conceptual framework</span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">None of these developments have had a material effect on how the Group’s results and financial position for the current or prior periods have been prepared or presented. The Group has not applied any new standard or interpretation that is not yet effective for the current accounting period as set out in Note 4.18.</p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"> <td style="width: 0.5in"></td><td style="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><b>4.3</b></td><td style="text-align: justify"><b>Foreign currency</b></td> </tr></table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>i)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Foreign currency transactions</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the respective functional currencies of Group entities at the exchange rates at the date of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated to the functional currency at the exchange rate at the reporting date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items that are measured based on historical cost in a foreign currency are translated at the exchange rate at the date of the transaction. Foreign currency differences are recognized in profit or loss and presented within finance costs.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Translation of foreign currencies into US$1 have been made at the following exchange rates for the respective periods:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of<br/> December 31,<br/> 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of<br/> December 31,<br/> 2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of<br/> December 31,<br/> 2021</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Period-end SGD: US$1 exchange rate</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1.3186</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1.3446</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1.3517</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Period-end MYR: US$1 exchange rate*</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">4.5912</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">4.4129</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-87">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Period-average SGD: US$1 exchange rate</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1.3414</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1.3792</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1.3437</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Period-average MYR: US$1 exchange rate*</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">4.5617</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">4.4061</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-88">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"> <td style="width: 0in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company did not have any Malaysia subsidiaries prior to July 22, 2022</span></td> </tr></table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>ii)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Foreign operations</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated to United States dollars at exchange rates at the reporting date. The income and expenses of foreign operations are translated to United States dollars at average exchange rates.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Foreign currency differences are recognized in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and presented in the foreign currency translation reserve in equity except to the extent that the translation difference is allocated to NCI. When a foreign operation is disposed of in its entirety or partially such that control, significant influence or joint control is lost, the cumulative amount in the translation reserve related to that foreign operation is reclassified to profit or loss as part of the gain or loss on disposal. When the Group disposes of only part of its interest in a subsidiary that includes a foreign operation while retaining control, the relevant proportion of the cumulative amount is reattributed to NCI. When the Group disposes of only part of its investment in an associate or joint venture that includes a foreign operation while retaining significant influence or joint control, the relevant proportion of the cumulative amount is reclassified to profit or loss.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">When the settlement of a monetary item receivable from or payable to a foreign operation is neither planned nor likely to occur in the foreseeable future, foreign exchange gains and losses arising from such a monetary item that are considered to form part of a net investment in a foreign operation are recognized in OCI and are presented in the translation reserve in equity.</span></p> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Translation of foreign currencies into US$1 have been made at the following exchange rates for the respective periods:</span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of<br/> December 31,<br/> 2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of<br/> December 31,<br/> 2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of<br/> December 31,<br/> 2021</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Period-end SGD: US$1 exchange rate</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1.3186</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1.3446</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1.3517</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Period-end MYR: US$1 exchange rate*</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">4.5912</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">4.4129</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-87">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Period-average SGD: US$1 exchange rate</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1.3414</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1.3792</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1.3437</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Period-average MYR: US$1 exchange rate*</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">4.5617</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">4.4061</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-88">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"> <td style="width: 0in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company did not have any Malaysia subsidiaries prior to July 22, 2022</span></td> </tr></table> 1 1 1 1.3186 1.3446 1.3517 1 1 1 4.5912 4.4129 1 1 1 1.3414 1.3792 1.3437 1 1 1 4.5617 4.4061 <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.4</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Financial instruments</b></span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>i)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Recognition and initial measurement</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trade receivables and debt investments issued are initially recognized when they are originated. All other financial assets and financial liabilities are initially recognized when the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A financial asset (unless it is a trade receivable without a significant financing component) or financial liability is initially measured at fair value plus or minus, for an item not at fair value through profit or loss (“FVTPL”), transaction costs that are directly attributable to its acquisition or issue. A trade receivable without a significant financing component is initially measured at the transaction price.</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>ii)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Classification and subsequent measurement</b></span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>a)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Financial assets</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On initial recognition, a financial asset is classified as measured at: amortized cost; fair value through other comprehensive income (“FVOCI”), which means the gains or losses resulting from assets measured at fair value due to changes in fair value-measured amounts, FVOCI - debt investment; FVOCI – equity investment; or FVTPL.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financial assets are not reclassified subsequent to their initial recognition unless the Group changes its business model for managing financial assets, in which case all affected financial assets are reclassified on the first day of the first reporting year following the change in the business model.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A financial asset is measured at amortized cost if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"> <td style="width: 1in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">it is held within a business model whose objective is to hold assets to collect contractual cash flows; and</span></td> </tr></table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">its contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.</span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A debt investment is measured at FVOCI if it meets both of the following conditions and is not designated as at FVTPL:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">it is held within a business model whose objective is achieved by both collecting contractual cash flows and selling financial assets; and</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">its contractual terms give rise on specified dates to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding.</span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On initial recognition of an equity investment that is not held-for-trading, the Group may irrevocably elect to present subsequent changes in the investment’s fair value in OCI. This election is made on an investment-by-investment basis.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All financial assets not classified as measured at amortized cost or FVOCI as described above are measured at FVTPL. This includes all derivative financial assets. On initial recognition, the Group may irrevocably designate a financial asset that otherwise meets the requirements to be measured at amortized cost or at FVOCI as at FVTPL if doing so eliminates or significantly reduces an accounting mismatch that would otherwise arise.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Financial assets – Business model assessment</i></b></span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group makes an assessment of the objective of the business model in which a financial asset is held at a portfolio level because this best reflects the way the business is managed, and information is provided to management. The information considered includes:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the stated policies and objectives for the portfolio and the operation of those policies in practice. These include whether management’s strategy focuses on earning contractual interest income, maintaining a particular interest rate profile, matching the duration of the financial assets to the duration of any related liabilities or expected cash outflows or realizing cash flows through the sale of the assets;</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">how the performance of the portfolio is evaluated and reported to the Group’s management;</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the risks that affect the performance of the business model (and the financial assets held within that business model) and how those risks are managed;</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">how managers of the business are compensated – e.g. whether compensation is based on the fair value of the assets managed or the contractual cash flows collected; and</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the frequency, volume and timing of sales of financial assets in prior years, the reasons for such sales and expectations about future sales activity.</span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Transfer of financial assets to third parties in transactions that do not qualify for derecognition are not considered sales for this purpose, consistent with the Group’s continuing recognition of the assets.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financial assets that are held-for-trading or are managed and whose performance is evaluated on a fair value basis are measured at FVTPL.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Financial assets – Assessment whether contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest</i></b></span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For the purposes of this assessment, ‘principal’ is defined as the fair value of the financial asset on initial recognition. ‘Interest’ is defined as consideration for the time value of money and for the credit risk associated with the principal amount outstanding during a particular period of time and for other basic lending risks and costs (e.g. liquidity risk and administrative costs), as well as a profit margin.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In assessing whether the contractual cash flows are solely payments of principal and interest, the Group considers the contractual terms of the instrument. This includes assessing whether the financial asset contains a contractual term that could change the timing or amount of contractual cash flows such that it would not meet this condition. In making this assessment, the Group considers:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">contingent events that would change the amount or timing of cash flows;</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">terms that may adjust the contractual coupon rate, including variable-rate features;</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">prepayment and extension features; and</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">terms that limit the Group’s claim to cash flows from specified assets (e.g. non-recourse features).</span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A prepayment feature is consistent with the solely payments of principal and interest criterion if the prepayment amount substantially represents unpaid amounts of principal and interest on the principal amount outstanding, which may include reasonable additional compensation for early termination of the contract. Additionally, for a financial asset acquired at a discount or premium to its contractual par amount, a feature that permits or requires prepayment at an amount that substantially represents the contractual par amount plus accrued (but unpaid) contractual interest (which may also include reasonable additional compensation for early termination) is treated as consistent with this criterion if the fair value of the prepayment feature is insignificant at initial recognition.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Financial assets – Subsequent measurement and gains and losses</i></b></span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Financial assets at FVTPL</i></span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Net gains and losses, including any interest or dividend income, are recognized in profit or loss.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Financial assets at amortized cost</i></span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These assets are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. The amortized cost is reduced by impairment losses. Interest income, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognized in profit or loss. Any gain or loss on derecognition is recognized in profit or loss.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Debt investments at FVOCI</i></span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Interest income calculated using the effective interest method, foreign exchange gains and losses and impairment are recognized in profit or loss. Other net gains and losses are recognized in OCI. On derecognition, gains and losses accumulated in OCI are reclassified to profit or loss.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Equity investments at FVOCI</i></span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These assets are subsequently measured at fair value. Dividends are recognized as income in profit or loss unless the dividend clearly represents a recovery of part of the cost of the investment. Other net gains and losses are recognized in OCI and are never reclassified to profit or loss.</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>b)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Financial liabilities – Classification, subsequent measurement and gains and losses</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Financial liabilities are classified as measured at amortized cost or FVTPL. A financial liability is classified as at FVTPL if it is classified as held-for-trading, it is a derivative or it is designated as such on initial recognition.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value less directly attributable transaction costs. They are subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense and foreign exchange gains and losses are recognized in profit or loss. These financial liabilities comprised loans and borrowings and trade and other payables.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>iii)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Derecognition</b></span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>a)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Financial assets</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group derecognizes a financial asset when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the financial asset expire, or it transfers the rights to receive the contractual cash flows in a transaction in which substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership of the financial asset are transferred or in which the Group neither transfers nor retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership and it does not retain control of the financial asset.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Where the Group enters into transactions whereby it transfers assets recognized in its statement of financial position but retains either all or substantially all of the risks and rewards of the transferred assets, the transferred assets are not derecognized.</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>b)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Financial liabilities</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group derecognizes a financial liability when its contractual obligations are discharged or cancelled or expire. The Group also derecognizes a financial liability when its terms are modified and the cash flows of the modified liability are substantially different, in which case a new financial liability based on the modified terms is recognized at fair value.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On derecognition of a financial liability, the difference between the carrying amount extinguished and the consideration paid (including any non-cash assets transferred or liabilities assumed) is recognized in profit or loss.</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>iv)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Share capital</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Shares are classified as equity. Incremental costs directly attributable to the issue of shares are recognized as a deduction from equity, net of any tax effects.</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>v)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Compound financial instruments</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Compound financial instruments issued by the Group included a convertible loan denominated in Singapore dollars that could be converted to share capital at the option of the holder, where the number of shares to be issued was fixed and did not vary with changes in fair value.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The liability component of a compound financial instrument is recognized initially at the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an equity conversion option. The equity component is initially recognized at the difference between the fair value of the compound financial instrument as a whole and the fair value of the liability component. Any directly attributable transaction costs are allocated to the liability and equity components in proportion to their initial carrying amounts.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subsequent to initial recognition, the liability component of a compound financial instrument is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. The equity component of a compound financial instrument is not remeasured. Interest related to the liability component is recognized in profit or loss and presented within finance costs. On conversion, the liability component is reclassified to equity and no gain or loss is recognized.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.5</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Share-based payments to non-employees</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This policy applies to all share-based payments granted to non-employees, including consultants, contractors, and other external parties, in exchange for goods or services.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Recognition and Measurement:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Fair Value Determination: The fair value of share-based payments issued to non-employees is determined at the grant date using an appropriate valuation model. Factors considered in determining fair value may include the market price of the company’s shares, the expected volatility of the company’s stock price, the expected term of the share-based payment, and other relevant factors.</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Expense Recognition: Share-based payment expenses are recognized in the income statement over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the equity instrument. The expense is recognized on a straight-line basis unless another systematic and rational basis is more representative of the grant’s vesting pattern.</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subsequent Measurement: Any changes in the fair value of the share-based payment subsequent to the grant date are recognized as a charge or credit to the income statement, with a corresponding adjustment to the share-based payment liability or equity account until the liability is settled or the equity instrument vests.</span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Disclosure:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">General Disclosure: The company discloses the nature and terms of share- based payment arrangements with non-employees, including the number of shares or options granted, the vesting schedule, and the fair value determination method.</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Expense Disclosure: The total share-based payment expense recognized during the period, as well as any significant assumptions used in determining fair value, are disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.</span></td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.6</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Expected credit losses for the non-derivative financial assets  </b></span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>i)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Non-derivative financial assets</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group recognizes allowances for expected credit loss on non-derivative financial assets measured at amortized cost.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Allowances are measured on either of the following bases:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">12-month ECLs: these are ECLs that result from default events that are possible within the 12 months after the reporting date (or for a shorter period if the expected life of the instrument is less than 12 months); or</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lifetime ECLs: these are ECLs that result from all possible default events over the expected life of a financial instrument or contract asset.</span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Simplified approach</i></span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group applies the simplified approach to provide for ECLs for all non-derivative financial assets. The simplified approach requires the allowances to be measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Measurement of ECLs</i></span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ECLs are probability-weighted estimates of credit losses. Credit losses are measured at the present value of all cash shortfalls (i.e., the difference between the cash flows due to the Group in accordance with the contract and the cash flows that the Group expects to receive). ECLs are discounted at the effective interest rate of the non-derivative financial asset.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Credit-impaired non-derivative financial assets</i></span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At each reporting date, the Group assesses whether non-derivative financial assets carried at amortized cost and debt investments at FVOCI are ‘credit-impaired’. A non-derivative financial asset is ‘credit-impaired’ when one or more events that have a detrimental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the non-derivative financial asset have occurred.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Evidence that a non-derivative financial asset is credit-impaired includes the following observable data:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">significant financial difficulty of the borrower or issuer;</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">a breach of contract such as a default or being more than 90 days past due;</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the restructuring of a loan or advance by the Group on terms that the Group would not consider otherwise;</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">it is probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or another financial reorganization; or</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the disappearance of an active market for a security because of financial difficulties.</span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Presentation of allowance for ECLs in the statement of financial position</i></span></p><p style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Allowances for non-derivative financial assets measured at amortized cost are deducted from the gross carrying amount of the assets.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Write-off</i></span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The gross carrying amount of a non-derivative financial asset is written off (either partially or in full) to the extent that there is no realistic prospect of recovery. This is generally the case when the Group determines that the debtor does not have assets or sources of income that could generate sufficient cash flows to repay the amounts subject to the write-off. However, non-derivative financial assets that are written off could still be subject to enforcement activities in order to comply with the Group’s procedures for recovery of amounts due.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">  </span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>ii)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Non-financial assets</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At each reporting date, the Group reviews the carrying amounts of its non-financial assets (other than deferred tax assets) to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or Cash generated units (CGUs) first.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The recoverable amount of an asset or CGU is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs of disposal. Value in use is based on the estimated future cash flows, discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset or CGU.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">An impairment loss is recognized if the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its recoverable amount.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Impairment losses are recognized in profit or loss. They are allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the CGU (if any), and then to reduce the carrying amounts of the other assets in the CGU on a pro rata basis.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For other assets, an impairment loss is reversed only to the extent that the asset’s carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation or amortization, if no impairment loss had been recognized.</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.7</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Property and equipment</b></span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>(i)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Recognition and measurement</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Property and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses.  </span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cost includes expenditures that are directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset. The cost of self-constructed assets includes:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">any other costs directly attributable to bringing the assets to a working condition for their intended use; and</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">when the Group has an obligation to remove the asset or restore the site, an estimate of the costs of dismantling and removing the items and restoring the site on which they are located</span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">When parts of an item of property and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property and equipment.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The gain or loss on disposal of an item of property and equipment is recognized in profit or loss and presented within other income or other expenses.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>ii)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Subsequent costs</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The cost of replacing a component of an item of property and equipment is recognized in the carrying amount of the item if it is probable that the future economic benefits embodied within the component will flow to the Group, and its cost can be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced component is derecognized. The costs of the day-to-day servicing of property and equipment are recognized in profit or loss as incurred and presented within cost of revenue and general and administrative expenses.</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>iii)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Depreciation </b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Depreciation is based on the cost of an asset less its residual value. Significant components of individual assets are assessed and if a component has a useful life that is different from the remainder of that asset, that component is depreciated separately.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Depreciation is recognized as an expense in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of each component of an item of property and equipment, unless it is included in the carrying amount of another asset.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Depreciation is recognized from the date that the property and equipment is installed and are ready for use, or in respect of internally constructed assets, from the date that the asset is completed and ready for use.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The estimated useful lives for the current and comparative years are as follows:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 89%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cleaning machinery</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3 - 5 years</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Computers hardware</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1 - 3 years</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Furniture and fittings</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3 years</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Office renovation</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3 years</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Office equipment</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3 years</span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at the end of each reporting year and adjusted if appropriate.</span></p> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The estimated useful lives for the current and comparative years are as follows:</span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 89%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cleaning machinery</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3 - 5 years</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Computers hardware</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1 - 3 years</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Furniture and fittings</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3 years</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: white"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Office renovation</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3 years</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; background-color: #CCEEFF"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Office equipment</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3 years</span></td></tr> </table> P3Y P5Y P1Y P3Y P3Y P3Y P3Y <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.8</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Lease</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 70.9pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At inception of a contract, the Group assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. When the Group has the right to obtain and direct substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the identified asset throughout the period of use, the contract conveys the right to control the use of the identified asset.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 70.9pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As a lessee</b></span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At commencement or on modification of a contract that contains a lease component, the Group allocates the consideration in the contract to each lease component on the basis of its relative stand-alone prices. The Group recognizes a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, plus any initial direct costs incurred and an estimate of costs to dismantle and remove the underlying asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the end of the lease term, unless the lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset to the Group by the end of the lease term or the cost of the right-of-use asset reflects that the Group will exercise a purchase option. In that case the right-of-use asset will be depreciated over the useful life of the underlying asset, which is determined on the same basis as those of property and equipment. In addition, the right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The right-of-use asset is subsequently stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the Group’s incremental borrowing rate. Generally, the Group uses its incremental borrowing rate as the discount rate.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group determines its incremental borrowing rate by obtaining interest rates from various external financing sources and makes certain adjustments to reflect the terms of the lease and type of the asset leased.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise the following:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">fixed payments, including in-substance fixed payments;</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="vertical-align: top"> <td style="width: 96px; font-size: 10pt"> </td> <td style="width: 24px; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="text-align: justify; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the exercise price under a purchase option that the Group is reasonably certain to exercise, lease payments in an optional renewal period if the Group is reasonably certain to exercise an extension option, and penalties for early termination of a lease unless the Group is reasonably certain not to terminate early.</span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The lease liability is measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate, if there is a change in the Group’s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, if the Group changes its assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option or if there is a revised in-substance fixed lease payment.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset or is recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group presents right-of-use assets that do not meet the definition of investment property separately and lease liabilities in ‘loan and borrowings’ in the statement of financial position.</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Short-term and low-value leases</i></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group has elected not to recognize right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for leases of low-value assets and short-term leases. The Group recognizes the lease payments associated with these leases as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">  </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.9</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Employee benefits</b></span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i)</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Defined contribution plans</span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A defined contribution plan is a post-employment benefit plan under which an entity pays fixed contributions into a separate entity and will have no legal or constructive obligation to pay further amounts. Obligations for contributions to defined contribution pension plans are recognized as an employee benefit expense in profit or loss in the years during which related services are rendered by employees.</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii)</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Short-term employee benefits</span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Short-term employee benefit obligations are measured on an undiscounted basis and are expensed as the related service is provided. A liability is recognized for the amount expected to be paid under short-term cash bonus or other plans if the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation to pay this amount as a result of past service provided by the employee, and the obligation can be estimated reliably.</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iii)</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Employee leave entitlement</span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Employee entitlements to annual leave are recognized when they accrue to employees. A provision is made for the estimated liability for annual leave as a result of services rendered by employees up to the balance sheet date.</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.10</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Revenue</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group recognizes revenue as or when it satisfies its performance obligations. The Group earns revenue predominantly from the following services: </span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>i)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Revenue by segment</b></span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>a)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Cleaning Service</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group provides customizable professional cleaning solution services based on requirements set by clients and/or the authorities, including but not limited to commercial cleaning for offices &amp; schools, hospitality cleaning for hotels, shopping malls and retail, pest control services and etc. The Group also offer cleaning robots and machines for better cleaning performance by deploying the robots at designated premises.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The cleaning service promises including providing cleaning personnel, supply of equipment and material, floor treatment service and etc. During the process of providing cleaning services, the customers cannot benefit from the single promise. Therefore, the Group identifies only one performance obligation that is to providing cleaning service to the customer as the promises are not distinct in accordance with IFRS 15.27(a).</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">The consideration of providing cleaning services is either based on the incentive payment model works by pegging the monthly pay-outs to the performance score of the cleaning services as stipulated in the contract or based on attendance payment model works by the combination of the number of cleaners actually attended and the corresponding workday pay rate. The Group has provided cleaning services since 2018 and has long-term cooperation experience with hotels, shopping malls and etc. Thus, the Company has accumulated sufficient experience on monitoring the progress in providing cleaning services and will adjust the estimated consideration on a timely manner. Therefore, there is no significant constraining estimates of variable consideration.</p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group recognizes revenue on a gross basis as the Group is acting as a principal in these services and is responsible for fulfilling the promises to provide the specified cleaning services.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group provides cleaning services, customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefits and it is determined that the performance obligation is satisfied over time. In addition, since it is determined that customers receive equal benefits over the service periods from the cleaning services, revenue from cleaning services is recognized on a straight-line method over the service period.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>ii)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Manpower outsourcing service</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group enters into contracts with corporate customers to provide manpower outsourcing services, arranging casual workers with corresponding abilities and qualifications on demand to fulfil corporate customers’ various operation needs. The Group identifies only one performance obligation in manpower outsourcing services as the contract comprises of a series of distinct services that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the corporate customers, which is to provide casual workers in accordance with the demand of corporate customers.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The contract consideration is determined by the hours casual workers have worked times their workday pay rate. Revenue from manpower outsourcing services is recognized over time as the Group has an enforceable right to payment for performance completed to date.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The contract payment is not subject to any variable consideration, refund, cancellation or termination provision. Customers generally make the payment within one or two months after monthly reconciliation of service considerations with the Group.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 70.9pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Principal versus agent considerations</i></b></span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For the manpower outsourcing services provided, the Group considers itself the principal and recognizes revenue on a gross basis as it controls the services through the following key considerations:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group reserves the right to accept or reject the contracts or orders with the customers without involvement of the casual workers and directs the selected casual workers to provide services to the customers on the Group’s behalf. There is no direct cooperation relationship between the casual workers and the customers. The Group assumes responsibility for receiving and resolving the complaints over the quality of the services. If the casual workers fail to deliver their work and thus affect the Group’s performance obligation to the corporate customers, the Group should bear the loss of the corporate customers for breach of contract on its own, and then independently claim for compensation from casual workers for its loss.</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group has discretion in setting up the price. The involved casual workers are entitled to a fixed services fee agreed upon in advance irrespective of the consideration the Group collects from the customers.</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group bears the credit risk as the Group pays the consideration due to casual workers irrespective of whether the customers have paid the services consideration to the Group.</span></td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.11</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Government grants</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Grants that compensate the Group for expenses incurred are recognized in profit or loss as other income on a systematic basis in the periods in which the expenses are recognized, unless the conditions for receiving the grant are met after the related expenses have been recognized. In this case, the grant is recognized when it becomes receivable.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.12</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Expenses</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The main components of the Group’s expenses by functions are as follows:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i)</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cost of revenue comprises expenses directly or indirectly attributable to the Group’s cleaning service and manpower outsourcing services and primarily consists of carrying amount of daily necessities used directly to perform cleaning and related tasks, cleaning staff cost and associated benefits, payments to casual workers where the Group is responsible for manpower services to corporate customers, and payment processing fees.</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii)</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Sales and marketing primarily consist of advertising costs, meal and entertainment fee, recruitment expenses and transportation expenses.</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iii)</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">General and administrative expenses primarily consist of compensation costs for executive management and administrative personnel, occupancy and facility costs, administrative fees, professional service fees, depreciation on certain administration assets, fine and allocation of associated corporate costs such as depreciation of right-of-use assets.</span></td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.13</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Finance costs</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group’s finance costs include:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">interest expenses</span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Interest expense is recognized using the effective interest method.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The effective interest rate is the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash payments or receipts through the expected life of the financial instrument to:</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the gross carrying amount of the financial asset; or</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">the amortized cost of the financial liability.</span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In calculating interest expense, the effective interest rate is applied to the gross carrying amount of the asset (when the asset is not credit-impaired) or to the amortized cost of the liability.</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.14</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Related parties</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">For the purpose of these consolidated financial statements, parties are considered to be related to the Group if the Group has the ability, directly or indirectly, to control the party or exercise significant influence over the party in making financial and operating decisions, or vice versa, or where the Group and the party are subject to common control or common significant influence. Related parties may be individuals or other entities.</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.15</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Income taxes</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Income tax expense comprises current and deferred tax. Current tax and deferred tax are recognized in profit or loss except to the extent that they relate to a business combination, or items recognized directly in equity or in OCI.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years. The amount of current tax payable or receivable is the best estimate of the tax amount expected to be paid or received that reflects uncertainty related to income taxes, if any. Current tax assets and liabilities are offset only if certain criteria are met.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred tax is recognized in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes.</span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">temporary differences on the initial recognition of assets or liabilities in a transaction that is not a business combination and that affects neither accounting nor taxable profit or loss;</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">temporary differences related to investments in subsidiaries to the extent that the Group is able to control the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that they will not reverse in the foreseeable future; and</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">taxable temporary differences arising on the initial recognition of goodwill.</span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The measurement of deferred taxes reflects the tax consequences that would follow the manner in which the Group expects, at the reporting date, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities. Deferred tax is measured at the tax rates that are expected to be applied to temporary differences when they reverse, based on the laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax liabilities and assets, and they relate to taxes levied by the same tax authority on the same taxable entity, or on different tax entities, but they intend to settle current tax liabilities and assets on a net basis or their tax assets and liabilities will be realized simultaneously.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Deferred tax assets are recognized for unused tax losses, unused tax credits and deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used. Future taxable profits are determined based on the reversal of relevant taxable temporary differences. If the amount of taxable temporary differences is insufficient to recognize a deferred tax asset in full, then future taxable profits, adjusted for reversals of existing temporary differences, are considered, based on the business plans for individual subsidiaries in the Group. Deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and are reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that the related tax benefit will be realized; such reductions are reversed when the probability of future taxable profits improves.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Unrecognized deferred tax assets are reassessed at each reporting date and recognized to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will be available against which they can be used.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In determining the amount of current and deferred tax, the Group takes into account the impact of uncertain tax positions and whether additional taxes and interest may be due. The Group believes that its accruals for income tax liabilities are adequate for all open tax years based on its assessment of many factors, including interpretations of tax law and prior experience. This assessment relies on estimates and assumptions and may involve a series of judgments about future events. New information may become available that causes the Group to change its judgment regarding the adequacy of existing tax liabilities; such changes to tax liabilities will impact income tax expense in the period that such a determination is made.</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.16</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Earnings per share</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group presents basic and diluted earnings per share data for its shares. Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the profit or loss attributable to shareholders of the Company by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding during the year, adjusted for own shares held, if any. Diluted earnings per share is determined by adjusting the profit or loss attributable to shareholders and the weighted-average number of shares outstanding, adjusted for own shares held, if any, for the effects of all dilutive potential shares.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"> </p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.17</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Segment reporting</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">An operating segment is a component of the Group that engages in business activities from which it may earn revenues and incur expenses, including revenues and expenses that relate to transactions with any of the Group’s other components. The operating results are reviewed regularly by the Group’s chief executive officer (the Chief Operating Decision Maker or “CODM”) to make decisions about resources to be allocated to the segment and to assess its performance, and for which discrete financial information is available. The Group has two operating segments, which is cleaning services segment and manpower outsourcing services, respectively. Segment results that are reported to the Group’s CODM include items directly attributable to a segment as well as those that can be allocated on a reasonable basis. Unallocated items comprise mainly corporate assets and head office expenses.</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>4.18</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Standards issued but not yet effective</b></span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">A number of new standards are effective for annual periods beginning after January 1, 2024 and earlier application is permitted; however, the Group has not early adopted the new or amended standards in preparing these consolidated financial statements. Based on an initial assessment, the following new and amended standards are not expected to have a significant impact on the Group’s consolidated financial statements.</p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Supplier Finance Arrangements (Amendments to IAS 7 and IFRS 7)</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lease Liability in a Sales and Leaseback (Amendments to IFRS 16)</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Lack of Exchangeability (Amendments to IAS 21)</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current (Amendments to IAS 1)</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">●</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><p style="margin: 0pt 0">Sale or contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture (Amendments to IFRS 10 and IAS 28) - Will be determined at a future date</p></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"> </td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> </td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">●</td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><p style="margin: 0pt 0">Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-current (Amendments to IAS 1)</p></td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>5</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>CASH </b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of December 31,</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of December 31,</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Cash at banks</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">467,235</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">161,022</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Cash in the consolidated statements of financial position</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">467,235</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">161,022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">467,235</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">161,022</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The maximum exposure to credit risk at the end of the reporting period is the book carrying value of cash at banks. </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of December 31,</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of December 31,</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Cash at banks</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">467,235</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">161,022</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Cash in the consolidated statements of financial position</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">467,235</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">161,022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> 467235 161022 467235 161022 <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Cash in the consolidated statements of cash flows</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">467,235</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right">161,022</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> 467235 161022 <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>6</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>TRADE RECEIVABLES</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of December 31,</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of December 31,</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Trade receivables</td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Trade Receivables from cleaning service</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">3,981,025</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">2,632,481</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Trade Receivables from manpower outsourcing services</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">3,056,917</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,523,256</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Subtotal:</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">7,037,942</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,155,737</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Allowance for expected credit losses</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-89">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-90">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">7,037,942</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,155,737</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>i)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Trade receivable</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Trade receivables are non-interest bearing and are generally on terms of 30 to 90 days. No interest is charged on the outstanding balances.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>ii)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Transfer of trade receivables</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During 2020, the Group entered a trade receivable financing arrangement (“Arrangement”) with a financial institution (“Factor”). Pursuant to the terms of the arrangement, the Group sells amounts of its trade receivable balances to the Factor as absolute owner with full recourse against the Group. In accordance with IFRS 9, Financial Instruments (“IFRS 9”), the Group concluded that the transaction with the Factor represents a transfer of financial assets in which the Group retains effective control over the transferred trade receivables. As such it was determined that the transfer of financial assets should be recorded as a recourse liability. Furthermore, the Group shall continue to report the transferred financial asset in its consolidated statements of financial position with no change in the assets’ measurement. Accordingly, the Group records the trade receivables on its Consolidated Statement of Financial Position and records a recourse liability for the amount received from the Factor towards factored trade receivables. For non-notified customers, the arrangement with the Factor is such that the customers remit cash directly to the Group and the Group transfers the collected amounts to the Factor. For notified customers, the arrangement with the Factor is such that the customers remit cash directly to the Factor.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">For non-notified customers, the Factor remits 75% of the trade receivable balance to the Group and the rate increased to 85% based on the terms of variation with effect from November 22, 2022. The funding limit was S$1,200,000 at the inception of the arrangement and increased to S$1,750,000 based on the terms of variation with effect from November 22, 2022. The funding limit was further increased by S$500,000 with the addition of the facility under YY Circle (SG) Pte Ltd based on the offer letter on February 22, 2023 and then further decreased by S$250,000 under Hong Ye Group Pte Ltd. based on the terms of variation with effect from July 5, 2023. Pursuant to the terms of variation dated on March 21, 2023, the discount charge fee and service fee will change to a charge rate of 7.0% and 0.35%, respectively with effect from April 1, 2023 under Hong Ye Group Pte Ltd. The discount charge fee and service fee will be a charge rate of 7.0% and 0.35%, respectively with effect from February 22, 2023 for the additional facility under YY Circle (SG) Pte Ltd.  </p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"> </p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">For notified customers, the Factor remits 80% of the trade receivable balance to the Group and the rate increased to 90% based on the terms of variation with effect from November 22, 2022. The funding limit was S$1,300,000 at the inception of the arrangement and increased to S$1,750,000 based on the terms of variation with effect from November 22, 2022. The funding limit was further increased by S$500,000 with the addition of the facility under YY Circle (SG) Pte Ltd based on the offer letter on February 22, 2023 and then further increased by S$500,000 and decreased by S$250,000 under YY Circle (SG) Pte Ltd and Hong Ye Group Pte Ltd, respectively, based on the terms of variation with effective from July 5, 2023. Pursuant to the terms of variation dated on March 21, 2023, the discount charge fee and service fee will change to a charge rate of 7.0% and 0.35%, respectively with effect from April 1, 2023 under Hong Ye Group Pte Ltd. The discount charge fee and service fee will be a charge rate of 7.0% and 0.35%, respectively with effect from February 22, 2023 for the additional facility under YY Circle (SG) Pte Ltd.</p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"> </p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Group recorded a recourse liability of $2,139,575 and $946,592, respectively, towards the factor which is included in current loans and borrowings on the consolidated statements of financial position. The cost of factoring is included as a component of finance cost in the accompanying consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 and 2021, the Group incurred $218,749 and $212,302 and $104,590 in factoring fee, respectively.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The following information shows the carrying amount of trade receivables at the reporting date that have been transferred but have not been derecognized and the associated liabilities.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of<br/> December 31,</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of<br/> December 31,</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Carrying amount of trade receivables transferred to an agent</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">3,552,836</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">2,317,102</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Carrying amount of associated liabilities</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,139,575</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">946,592</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iii)</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Financial risk management</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The exposure of trade receivables to credit risk is disclosed in Note 19.</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of December 31,</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of December 31,</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Trade receivables</td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Trade Receivables from cleaning service</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">3,981,025</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">2,632,481</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Trade Receivables from manpower outsourcing services</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">3,056,917</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,523,256</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Subtotal:</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">7,037,942</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,155,737</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Allowance for expected credit losses</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-89">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-90">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">7,037,942</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,155,737</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> 3981025 2632481 3056917 1523256 7037942 4155737 7037942 4155737 0.75 0.85 1200000 1750000 500000 250000 0.07 0.0035 0.07 0.0035 0.80 0.90 1300000 1750000 500000 500000 250000 0.07 0.0035 0.07 0.0035 2139575 946592 218749 212302 104590 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The following information shows the carrying amount of trade receivables at the reporting date that have been transferred but have not been derecognized and the associated liabilities.</span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of<br/> December 31,</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of<br/> December 31,</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Carrying amount of trade receivables transferred to an agent</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">3,552,836</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">2,317,102</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Carrying amount of associated liabilities</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,139,575</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">946,592</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> 3552836 2317102 2139575 946592 <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"> <td style="width: 48px; text-align: left"><b>7</b></td><td style="text-align: justify"><b>PREPAYMENT AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS</b></td> </tr></table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> </p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of<br/> December 31, <br/> 2023</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of<br/> December 31,<br/> 2022</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: left; font-weight: bold"></td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold">US$</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold">US$</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: left; font-weight: bold">Current:</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Deposits &amp; Prepayment</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">370,370</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">394,078</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Deferred IPO Cost*</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,039,513</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-91">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other Receivables</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">257,283</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">31,562</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,667,166</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">425,649</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Non-current:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Prepayment, non-current</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">18,656</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-92">-</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Total prepayment and other assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,685,822</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">425,649</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"> <td style="width: 0in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">the balance of deferred IPO cost includes legal fees related to the registration drafting and counsel, consulting fees related to the registration preparation, SEC filling and print related costs, exchange listing costs, and road show related costs and other offering costs directly attributable to the Company’s initial public offering. It was subsequently charged against the gross proceeds from the Company’s initial public offering completed on April 22, 2024 as a reduction of share capital.</td> </tr></table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">  </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>i)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Financial risk management</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The exposure of prepayments and other current assets to credit risk is disclosed in Note 19.</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of<br/> December 31, <br/> 2023</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">As of<br/> December 31,<br/> 2022</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: left; font-weight: bold"></td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold">US$</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold">US$</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: left; font-weight: bold">Current:</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Deposits &amp; Prepayment</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">370,370</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">394,078</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Deferred IPO Cost*</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,039,513</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-91">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Other Receivables</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">257,283</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">31,562</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,667,166</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">425,649</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Non-current:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Prepayment, non-current</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">18,656</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-92">-</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Total prepayment and other assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,685,822</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">425,649</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"> <td style="width: 0in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify">the balance of deferred IPO cost includes legal fees related to the registration drafting and counsel, consulting fees related to the registration preparation, SEC filling and print related costs, exchange listing costs, and road show related costs and other offering costs directly attributable to the Company’s initial public offering. It was subsequently charged against the gross proceeds from the Company’s initial public offering completed on April 22, 2024 as a reduction of share capital.</td> </tr></table> 370370 394078 2039513 257283 31562 2667166 425649 18656 2685822 425649 <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>8</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>RIGHT-OF-USE ASSETS</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>i)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Right-of-use assets</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Property</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Office<br/> equipment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Motor<br/> Vehicle</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 52%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Balance as at January 1, 2022</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-93">–</div></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">6,105</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">117,261</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">123,366</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Addition</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">118,881</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-94">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">95,105</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">213,986</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Depreciation</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(59,440</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(1,390</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(66,522</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(127,352</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Effect of movement in exchange rates</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-95">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">32</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">619</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">651</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">As at December 31, 2022</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">59,441</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,747</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">146,463</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">210,651</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Addition</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-96">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-97">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">52,664</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">52,664</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Gain of lease early termination</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-98">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-99">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(20,854</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(20,854</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Depreciation</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(59,582</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(1,393</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(104,887</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(165,862</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Effect of movement in exchange rates</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">141</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">71</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,623</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,835</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">As at December 31, 2023</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-100">-</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,425</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">75,009</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">78,434</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>ii)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Amounts recognized in consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income:</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2021</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; text-align: justify">Interest on lease liabilities</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">10,088</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">12,280</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">9,208</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">Expenses relating to short-term lease and low value assets</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">292,897</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">224,731</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">195,910</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify"><p style="margin: 0pt 0">Depreciation charge for right-of-use assets</p></td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">165,862</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">127,352</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">133,005</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: right"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>iii)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Amounts recognized in statements of cash flows</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2021</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Payment of lease liabilities</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(178,040</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(133,382</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(143,549</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr> </table> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Right-of-use assets</b></span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Property</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Office<br/> equipment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Motor<br/> Vehicle</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 52%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Balance as at January 1, 2022</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-93">–</div></td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">6,105</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">117,261</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">123,366</td><td style="width: 1%; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Addition</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">118,881</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-94">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">95,105</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">213,986</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Depreciation</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(59,440</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(1,390</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(66,522</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(127,352</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Effect of movement in exchange rates</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-95">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">32</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">619</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">651</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">As at December 31, 2022</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">59,441</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,747</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">146,463</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">210,651</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Addition</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-96">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-97">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">52,664</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">52,664</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Gain of lease early termination</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-98">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-99">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(20,854</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(20,854</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Depreciation</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(59,582</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(1,393</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(104,887</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(165,862</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Effect of movement in exchange rates</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">141</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">71</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,623</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,835</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">As at December 31, 2023</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-100">-</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,425</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">75,009</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">78,434</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> 6105 117261 123366 118881 95105 213986 59440 1390 66522 127352 32 619 651 59441 4747 146463 210651 52664 52664 -20854 -20854 59582 1393 104887 165862 141 71 1623 1835 3425 75009 78434 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Amounts recognized in consolidated statements of profit or loss and other comprehensive income:</b></span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2021</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; text-align: justify">Interest on lease liabilities</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">10,088</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">12,280</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">9,208</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">Expenses relating to short-term lease and low value assets</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">292,897</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">224,731</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">195,910</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify"><p style="margin: 0pt 0">Depreciation charge for right-of-use assets</p></td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">165,862</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">127,352</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">133,005</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> 10088 12280 9208 292897 224731 195910 165862 127352 133005 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Amounts recognized in statements of cash flows</b></span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2021</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Payment of lease liabilities</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(178,040</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(133,382</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(143,549</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr> </table> 178040 133382 143549 <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>9</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 2.25pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>i)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Reconciliation of carrying amount</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Cleaning<br/> machinery</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Computers<br/> hardware</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Furniture<br/> and fittings</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Office<br/> renovation</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Office<br/> equipment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Cost:</td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 28%">Balance as at January 1, 2022</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">784,494</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">379,113</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">46,318</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">76,553</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">12,382</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,298,860</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Addition</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">103,341</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">8,772</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-101">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-102">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-103">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">112,113</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Disposal</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-104">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(102,707</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-105">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-106">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-107">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(102,707</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Effect of movement in exchange rates</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">4,142</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">2,002</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">245</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">404</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">65</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">6,858</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Balance as at December 31, 2022</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">891,977</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">287,180</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">46,563</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">76,957</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">12,447</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,315,124</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Addition</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">174,874</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">30,972</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-108">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-109">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-110">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">205,846</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Disposal</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-111">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-112">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-113">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-114">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-115">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-116">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Effect of movement in exchange rates</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">20,612</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">6,080</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">918</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,518</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">246</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">29,374</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">At December 31, 2023</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,087,463</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">324,232</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">47,481</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">78,475</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">12,693</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,550,344</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Accumulated depreciation:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Balance as at January 1, 2022</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">436,761</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">299,669</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">46,225</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">76,553</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">12,308</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">871,516</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Addition</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">186,092</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">26,946</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">93</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-117">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">75</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">213,206</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Disposal</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-118">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(53,065</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-119">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-120">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-121">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(53,065</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Effect of movement in exchange rates</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">2,306</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,582</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">245</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">404</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">64</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">4,601</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Balance as at December 31, 2022</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">625,159</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">275,132</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">46,563</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">76,957</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">12,447</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,036,258</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Addition</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">114,339</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">8,356</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-122">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-123">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-124">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">122,695</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Disposal</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-125">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-126">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-127">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-128">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-129">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-130">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Effect of movement in exchange rates</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">14,305</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">5,783</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">918</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,518</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">246</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">22,770</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">At December 31, 2023</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">753,803</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">289,271</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">47,481</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">78,475</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">12,693</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,181,723</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Carrying amount:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">At December 31, 2022</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">266,818</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">12,048</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-131">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-132">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-133">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">278,866</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">At December 31, 2023</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">333,660</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">34,961</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-134">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-135">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-136">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">368,621</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>ii)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Depreciation of property and equipment</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 38.25pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Property and equipment is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives, after taking into account the estimated residual value. Management reviews the estimated useful lives and residual value of the assets annually in order to determine the amount of depreciation expense to be recorded during any reporting year. The depreciation expense recorded for the year is $ 122,695 (2022: $213,206 and 2021: $265,799).</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 35.3pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The reviews performed in 2023 and 2022 and 2021 did not result in any changes in estimated useful life or residual value.</span></p> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Reconciliation of carrying amount</b></span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Cleaning<br/> machinery</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Computers<br/> hardware</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Furniture<br/> and fittings</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Office<br/> renovation</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Office<br/> equipment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Cost:</td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 28%">Balance as at January 1, 2022</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">784,494</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">379,113</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">46,318</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">76,553</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">12,382</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,298,860</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Addition</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">103,341</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">8,772</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-101">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-102">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-103">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">112,113</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Disposal</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-104">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(102,707</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-105">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-106">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-107">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(102,707</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Effect of movement in exchange rates</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">4,142</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">2,002</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">245</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">404</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">65</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">6,858</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Balance as at December 31, 2022</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">891,977</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">287,180</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">46,563</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">76,957</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">12,447</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,315,124</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Addition</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">174,874</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">30,972</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-108">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-109">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-110">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">205,846</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Disposal</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-111">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-112">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-113">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-114">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-115">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-116">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Effect of movement in exchange rates</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">20,612</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">6,080</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">918</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,518</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">246</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">29,374</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">At December 31, 2023</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,087,463</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">324,232</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">47,481</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">78,475</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">12,693</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,550,344</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Accumulated depreciation:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Balance as at January 1, 2022</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">436,761</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">299,669</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">46,225</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">76,553</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">12,308</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">871,516</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Addition</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">186,092</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">26,946</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">93</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-117">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">75</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">213,206</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Disposal</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-118">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(53,065</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-119">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-120">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-121">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(53,065</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Effect of movement in exchange rates</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">2,306</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,582</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">245</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">404</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">64</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">4,601</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Balance as at December 31, 2022</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">625,159</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">275,132</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">46,563</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">76,957</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">12,447</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,036,258</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Addition</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">114,339</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">8,356</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-122">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-123">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-124">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">122,695</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Disposal</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-125">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-126">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-127">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-128">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-129">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-130">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Effect of movement in exchange rates</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">14,305</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">5,783</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">918</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,518</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">246</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">22,770</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">At December 31, 2023</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">753,803</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">289,271</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">47,481</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">78,475</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">12,693</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,181,723</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Carrying amount:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">At December 31, 2022</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">266,818</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">12,048</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-131">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-132">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-133">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">278,866</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">At December 31, 2023</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">333,660</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">34,961</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-134">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-135">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-136">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">368,621</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> 784494 379113 46318 76553 12382 1298860 103341 8772 112113 102707 102707 4142 2002 245 404 65 6858 891977 287180 46563 76957 12447 1315124 174874 30972 205846 20612 6080 918 1518 246 29374 1087463 324232 47481 78475 12693 1550344 436761 299669 46225 76553 12308 871516 186092 26946 93 75 213206 53065 53065 2306 1582 245 404 64 4601 625159 275132 46563 76957 12447 1036258 114339 8356 122695 14305 5783 918 1518 246 22770 753803 289271 47481 78475 12693 1181723 266818 12048 278866 333660 34961 368621 122695 213206 265799 <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>10</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>TRADE AND OTHER PAYABLES</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of<br/> December 31,<br/> 2023</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of<br/> December 31,</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">Trade payables:</td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: justify">Amount due to third parties</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">891,797</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">519,958</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">Other payables:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">Accrued payroll and pension</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,188,861</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">917,166</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify">GST payables</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">633,743</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">362,120</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">Provision for taxation</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">117,835</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">87,822</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Others</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">164,400</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">126,677</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total trade and other payables</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,996,636</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,013,743</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">These amounts are non-interest bearing. Trade payables are normally settled on 90 days’ terms.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other payables relate to non-trade payables to third parties. They are non-interest bearing and have an average term of 3 months.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The exposure of trade and other payables to liquidity risk is disclosed in Note 19</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of<br/> December 31,<br/> 2023</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of<br/> December 31,</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">Trade payables:</td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: justify">Amount due to third parties</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">891,797</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">519,958</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">Other payables:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">Accrued payroll and pension</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,188,861</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">917,166</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify">GST payables</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">633,743</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">362,120</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">Provision for taxation</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">117,835</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">87,822</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Others</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">164,400</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">126,677</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total trade and other payables</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,996,636</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,013,743</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> 891797 519958 1188861 917166 633743 362120 117835 87822 164400 126677 2996636 2013743 P3M <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>11</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>LOANS AND BORROWINGS</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 27.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.35pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of<br/> December 31,</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of<br/> December 31,<br/> 2022</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">Current:</td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: justify">Guaranteed bank loans, current portion</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">716,916</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">332,722</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">Recourse liability</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,139,575</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">946,592</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Lease liabilities, current</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">69,135</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">147,474</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total current loans and borrowings</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,925,626</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,426,788</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">Non-current:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify">Guaranteed bank loans, non-current portion</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">523,607</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">503,286</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">Convertible notes - liability component</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-137">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">736,129</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Lease liabilities, non-current</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">15,187</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">71,895</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total non-current loans and borrowings</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">538,794</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,311,310</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total loans and borrowings</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,464,420</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,738,098</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 27.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.35pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>i)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Terms and debt repayment schedule</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Original<br/> Currency</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Principal<br/> amount</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Year of origination</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Year of<br/> Maturity</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Interest<br/> rate</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Repayment<br/> method</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">%</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 9%; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Guaranteed bank loan</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 14%; text-align: center">SGD</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 8%; text-align: right">400,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 8%; text-align: center">2020</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 10%; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 10%; text-align: right">2.75</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 10%; text-align: center">Monthly <br/> repayment</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 8%; text-align: right">116,071</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 8%; text-align: right">173,958</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Guaranteed bank loan</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">SGD</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">85,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2019</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2023</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: right">7</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">Monthly <br/> repayment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">16,059</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Guaranteed bank loan</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">SGD</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">185,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2019</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2024</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: right">10.88</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">Monthly <br/> repayment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">31,692</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">61,664</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Guaranteed bank loan</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">SGD</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,200,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2020</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2025</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: right">2.5</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">Monthly <br/> repayment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">300,588</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">475,025</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Guaranteed bank loan</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">SGD</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">300,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2020</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2025</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: right">3.75</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">Monthly <br/> repayment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">64,859</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">109,302</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Guaranteed bank loan</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">SGD</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">450,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2023</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2028</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: right">8.00</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">Monthly <br/> repayment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">207,045</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-138">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Guaranteed bank loan</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">SGD</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">300,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2023</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2026</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: right">7.75</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">Monthly <br/> repayment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">187,864</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-139">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Guaranteed bank loan</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">SGD</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">50,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2023</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2028</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: right">8.25</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">Monthly <br/> repayment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">34,264</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-140">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Guaranteed bank loan</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">SGD</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">100,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2023</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2028</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: right">8.28</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">Monthly <br/> repayment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">67,450</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-141">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Guaranteed bank loan</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">SGD</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">50,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2023</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2026</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: right">10.38</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">Monthly <br/> repayment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">31,429</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-142">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Guaranteed bank loan</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">SGD</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">300,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-143; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> N/A</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2026</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: right">8.80</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">Monthly <br/> repayment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">199,261</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-144">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Recourse liability</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">SGD</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-145; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> N/A</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-146; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">  N/A</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-147">  N/A</div></td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: right">4.8 – 5.3</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">Maturity upon 90-120 days</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,139,575</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">946,592</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Convertible loan</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">SGD</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,000,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2022</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2024</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: right">8</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">Upon maturity date</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-148">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">736,129</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Lease liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">SGD/MYR</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-149; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> N/A</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2019-2022</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">2023-2026</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">2.99 - 8.21</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Monthly Repayment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">84,322</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">219,369</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Total interest-bearing liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,464,420</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,738,098</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 41.35pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The guaranteed bank loans are guaranteed by Mr. Fu XiaoWei and Ms. Zhang Fan, the CEO of the Group and his spouse.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The weighted average effective interest rates per annum of guaranteed bank loans is 7.12%.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 41.35pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Subsequently to the date of issuance of the consolidated financial statements, all the guaranteed bank loans were repaid upon maturity without default.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 41.35pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>ii)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Convertible loan</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">USD</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 88%; text-align: justify">Proceeds from issue of convertible loan</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">743,273</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">Transaction costs</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-150">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify">Net proceeds</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">743,273</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Amounts classified as equity</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(7,587</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Accreted interest</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,576</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Effect of movement in exchange rates</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(1,133</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Carrying amount of liability at December 31, 2022</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">736,129</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">Conversion with Class A shares</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(728,526</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Effect of movement in exchange rates</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(7,603</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Carrying amount of liability at December 31, 2023</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-151">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The convertible loan was issued to a third party on February 23, 2022 (“Disbursement Date”) with an amount of $743,273 (SGD 1,000,000). The convertible loan bears an interest rate of 8% per annum and will be mature on February 22, 2024 (“Maturity Date”).</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">From disbursement date to maturity date, the third party shall have the right but not the obligation to convert all (and not some) of the convertible loan into the Company’s shares.</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">If the convertible loan has not been converted at maturity date, the Company shall repay to the third party the loan principal amount plus the accrued interest.</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 96px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 24px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The rights and obligations under the convertible loan may only be transferred with the written approval of the Company.</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On February 28, 2023, the third party elected to convert all the principal amount into 1,911,170 of the Company’s class A shares.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>iii)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Reconciliation of movements of liabilities to cash flows arising from financing activities</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Guaranteed<br/> bank loans</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Lease<br/> liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">USD</td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">USD</td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">USD</td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; font-weight: bold">Balance at January 1, 2023</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">836,008</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">219,369</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,055,377</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Changes from financing cash flows</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Proceeds from guaranteed bank loans</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">931,862</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-152">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">931,862</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Payment of guaranteed bank loans</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(550,426</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-153">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(550,426</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Payment of lease liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-154">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(178,040</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(178,040</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Interest paid – Note 16</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(89,903</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-155">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(89,903</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total changes from financing cash flows</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">291,533</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(178,040</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">113,493</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Effect of changes in foreign exchange rates</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">23,079</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,955</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">25,034</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Other changes</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-156">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-157">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-158">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Liability-related</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Recognition of lease liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-159">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">52,664</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">52,664</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Derecognition of lease liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-160">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(21,714</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(21,714</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Interest expense – Note 16</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">89,903</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">10,088</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">99,991</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total liability-related other changes</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-161">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">41,038</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">41,038</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Balance at December 31, 2023</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,240,523</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">84,322</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,324,845</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"> </p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Guaranteed<br/> bank loans</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Convertible<br/> loan</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Lease</p> <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">liabilities</p></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Share<br/> capital/<br/> premium</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Equity<br/> component of<br/> convertible<br/> loan</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; width: 28%; font-weight: bold">Balance at January 1, 2022</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,329,756</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-162">–</div></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">128,924</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,015,587</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-163">–</div></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,474,267</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Changes from financing cash flows</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Proceeds from issue of class A shares</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-164">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-165">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-166">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">212,450</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-167">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">212,450</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Proceeds from issue of a convertible loan</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-168">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">735,686</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-169">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-170">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">7,587</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">743,273</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Proceeds from guaranteed bank loans</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,603,768</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-171">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-172">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-173">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-174">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,603,768</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Repayment of guaranteed bank loans</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(2,091,971</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-175">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-176">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-177">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-178">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(2,091,971</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Interest paid – Note 15</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(60,786</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-179">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-180">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-181">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-182">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(60,786</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Payment of lease liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-183">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-184">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(133,382</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-185">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-186">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(133,382</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Total changes from financing cash flows</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(548,989</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">735,686</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(133,382</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">212,450</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">7,587</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">273,352</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Effect of changes in foreign exchange rates</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">55,241</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(1,133</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,932</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-187">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-188">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">57,040</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Other changes</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; font-weight: bold">Liability-related</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Recognition of lease liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-189">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-190">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">208,615</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-191">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-192">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">208,615</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Interest expense – Note 15</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-193">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,576</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">12,280</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-194">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-195">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">13,856</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total liability-related other changes</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-196">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,576</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">220,895</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-197">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-198">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">222,471</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Balance at December 31, 2022</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">836,008</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">736,129</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">219,369</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,228,037</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">7,587</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,027,130</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Guaranteed<br/> bank loans</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Lease<br/> liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">USD</td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">USD</td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">USD</td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; font-weight: bold">Balance at January 1, 2021</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,540,375</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">261,275</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,801,650</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Changes from financing cash flows</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Proceeds from guaranteed bank loans</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">719,868</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-199">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">719,868</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Payment of guaranteed bank loans</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(897,813</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-200">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(897,813</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Payment of lease liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-201">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(143,549</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(143,549</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Interest paid – Note 15</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(55,810</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-202">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(55,810</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total changes from financing cash flows</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(233,755</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(143,549</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(377,304</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Effect of changes in foreign exchange rates</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">23,136</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(4,963</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">18,173</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Other changes</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Liability-related</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Recognition of lease liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-203">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">6,953</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">6,953</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Interest expense</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-204">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">9,208</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">9,208</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total liability-related other changes</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-205">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">16,161</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">16,161</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Balance at December 31, 2021</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,329,756</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">128,924</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,458,680</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">  </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>iv)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Financial risk management</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Information about the exposure of loans and borrowings to relevant financial risks (interest rate and liquidity risk) is disclosed in Note 19.</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of<br/> December 31,</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2023</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>As of<br/> December 31,<br/> 2022</b></span></p></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">Current:</td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: right"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: justify">Guaranteed bank loans, current portion</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">716,916</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">332,722</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">Recourse liability</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,139,575</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">946,592</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Lease liabilities, current</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">69,135</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">147,474</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total current loans and borrowings</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,925,626</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,426,788</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">Non-current:</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify">Guaranteed bank loans, non-current portion</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">523,607</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">503,286</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">Convertible notes - liability component</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-137">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">736,129</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Lease liabilities, non-current</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">15,187</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">71,895</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total non-current loans and borrowings</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">538,794</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,311,310</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total loans and borrowings</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,464,420</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,738,098</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 27.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.35pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> -716916 -332722 2139575 946592 69135 147474 2925626 1426788 523607 503286 736129 15187 71895 538794 1311310 3464420 2738098 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>i)</b></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Terms and debt repayment schedule</b></span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Original<br/> Currency</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Principal<br/> amount</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Year of origination</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Year of<br/> Maturity</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Interest<br/> rate</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Repayment<br/> method</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">%</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 9%; text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Guaranteed bank loan</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 14%; text-align: center">SGD</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 8%; text-align: right">400,000</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 8%; text-align: center">2020</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 10%; text-align: center">2025</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 10%; text-align: right">2.75</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 10%; text-align: center">Monthly <br/> repayment</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 8%; text-align: right">116,071</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 8%; text-align: right">173,958</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Guaranteed bank loan</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">SGD</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">85,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2019</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2023</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: right">7</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">Monthly <br/> repayment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">-</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">16,059</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Guaranteed bank loan</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">SGD</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">185,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2019</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2024</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: right">10.88</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">Monthly <br/> repayment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">31,692</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">61,664</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Guaranteed bank loan</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">SGD</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,200,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2020</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2025</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: right">2.5</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">Monthly <br/> repayment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">300,588</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">475,025</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Guaranteed bank loan</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">SGD</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">300,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2020</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2025</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: right">3.75</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">Monthly <br/> repayment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">64,859</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">109,302</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Guaranteed bank loan</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">SGD</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">450,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2023</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2028</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: right">8.00</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">Monthly <br/> repayment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">207,045</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-138">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Guaranteed bank loan</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">SGD</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">300,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2023</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2026</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: right">7.75</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">Monthly <br/> repayment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">187,864</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-139">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Guaranteed bank loan</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">SGD</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">50,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2023</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2028</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: right">8.25</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">Monthly <br/> repayment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">34,264</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-140">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Guaranteed bank loan</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">SGD</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">100,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2023</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2028</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: right">8.28</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">Monthly <br/> repayment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">67,450</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-141">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Guaranteed bank loan</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">SGD</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">50,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2023</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2026</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: right">10.38</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">Monthly <br/> repayment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">31,429</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-142">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Guaranteed bank loan</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">SGD</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">300,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-143; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> N/A</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2026</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: right">8.80</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">Monthly <br/> repayment</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">199,261</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-144">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Recourse liability</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">SGD</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-145; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> N/A</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-146; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">  N/A</span></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-147">  N/A</div></td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: right">4.8 – 5.3</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">Maturity upon 90-120 days</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,139,575</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">946,592</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Convertible loan</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">SGD</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,000,000</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2022</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">2024</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: right">8</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: center">Upon maturity date</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-148">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">736,129</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Lease liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">SGD/MYR</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-149; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> N/A</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2019-2022</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">2023-2026</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">2.99 - 8.21</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Monthly Repayment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">84,322</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">219,369</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Total interest-bearing liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="text-align: right; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,464,420</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,738,098</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> SGD 400000 2020 2025 0.0275 Monthly repayment 116071 173958 SGD 85000 2019 2023 0.07 Monthly repayment 16059 SGD 185000 2019 2024 0.1088 Monthly repayment 31692 61664 SGD 1200000 2020 2025 0.025 Monthly repayment 300588 475025 SGD 300000 2020 2025 0.0375 Monthly repayment 64859 109302 SGD 450000 2023 2028 0.08 Monthly repayment 207045 SGD 300000 2023 2026 0.0775 Monthly repayment 187864 SGD 50000 2023 2028 0.0825 Monthly repayment 34264 SGD 100000 2023 2028 0.0828 Monthly repayment 67450 SGD 50000 2023 2026 0.1038 Monthly repayment 31429 SGD 300000 2026 0.088 Monthly repayment 199261 SGD 0.048 0.053 Maturity upon 90-120 days 2139575 946592 SGD 1000000 2022 2024 0.08 Upon maturity date 736129 SGD/MYR 2019 2022 2023 2026 0.0299 0.0821 Monthly Repayment 84322 219369 3464420 2738098 0.0712 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>ii)</b></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Convertible loan</b></span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">USD</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 88%; text-align: justify">Proceeds from issue of convertible loan</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">743,273</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">Transaction costs</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-150">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify">Net proceeds</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">743,273</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Amounts classified as equity</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(7,587</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Accreted interest</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,576</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Effect of movement in exchange rates</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(1,133</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Carrying amount of liability at December 31, 2022</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">736,129</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">Conversion with Class A shares</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(728,526</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Effect of movement in exchange rates</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(7,603</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Carrying amount of liability at December 31, 2023</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-151">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> 743273 743273 -7587 1576 -1133 736129 728526 -7603 743273 1000000 0.08 February 22, 2024 1911170 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>iii)</b></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Reconciliation of movements of liabilities to cash flows arising from financing activities</b></span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Guaranteed<br/> bank loans</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Lease<br/> liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">USD</td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">USD</td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">USD</td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; font-weight: bold">Balance at January 1, 2023</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">836,008</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">219,369</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,055,377</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Changes from financing cash flows</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Proceeds from guaranteed bank loans</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">931,862</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-152">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">931,862</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Payment of guaranteed bank loans</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(550,426</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-153">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(550,426</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Payment of lease liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-154">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(178,040</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(178,040</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Interest paid – Note 16</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(89,903</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-155">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(89,903</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total changes from financing cash flows</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">291,533</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(178,040</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">113,493</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Effect of changes in foreign exchange rates</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">23,079</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,955</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">25,034</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Other changes</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-156">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-157">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-158">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Liability-related</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Recognition of lease liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-159">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">52,664</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">52,664</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Derecognition of lease liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-160">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(21,714</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(21,714</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Interest expense – Note 16</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">89,903</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">10,088</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">99,991</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total liability-related other changes</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-161">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">41,038</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">41,038</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Balance at December 31, 2023</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,240,523</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">84,322</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,324,845</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"> </p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: center"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Guaranteed<br/> bank loans</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Convertible<br/> loan</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Lease</p> <p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">liabilities</p></td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Share<br/> capital/<br/> premium</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Equity<br/> component of<br/> convertible<br/> loan</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total</td><td style="text-align: center; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; width: 28%; font-weight: bold">Balance at January 1, 2022</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,329,756</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-162">–</div></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">128,924</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,015,587</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-163">–</div></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">2,474,267</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Changes from financing cash flows</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Proceeds from issue of class A shares</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-164">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-165">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-166">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">212,450</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-167">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">212,450</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Proceeds from issue of a convertible loan</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-168">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">735,686</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-169">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-170">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">7,587</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">743,273</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Proceeds from guaranteed bank loans</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,603,768</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-171">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-172">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-173">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-174">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,603,768</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Repayment of guaranteed bank loans</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(2,091,971</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-175">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-176">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-177">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-178">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(2,091,971</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Interest paid – Note 15</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(60,786</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-179">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-180">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-181">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-182">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(60,786</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Payment of lease liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-183">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-184">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(133,382</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-185">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-186">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(133,382</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Total changes from financing cash flows</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(548,989</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">735,686</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(133,382</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">212,450</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">7,587</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">273,352</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Effect of changes in foreign exchange rates</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">55,241</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(1,133</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">2,932</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-187">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-188">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">57,040</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Other changes</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; font-weight: bold">Liability-related</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Recognition of lease liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-189">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-190">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">208,615</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-191">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-192">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">208,615</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Interest expense – Note 15</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-193">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,576</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">12,280</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-194">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-195">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">13,856</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total liability-related other changes</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-196">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,576</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">220,895</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-197">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-198">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">222,471</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Balance at December 31, 2022</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">836,008</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">736,129</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">219,369</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,228,037</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">7,587</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,027,130</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Guaranteed<br/> bank loans</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Lease<br/> liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">USD</td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">USD</td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">USD</td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; font-weight: bold">Balance at January 1, 2021</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,540,375</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">261,275</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,801,650</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Changes from financing cash flows</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Proceeds from guaranteed bank loans</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">719,868</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-199">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">719,868</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Payment of guaranteed bank loans</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(897,813</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-200">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(897,813</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Payment of lease liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-201">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(143,549</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(143,549</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Interest paid – Note 15</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(55,810</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-202">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(55,810</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total changes from financing cash flows</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(233,755</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(143,549</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(377,304</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Effect of changes in foreign exchange rates</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">23,136</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(4,963</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">18,173</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Other changes</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Liability-related</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Recognition of lease liabilities</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-203">–</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">6,953</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">6,953</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Interest expense</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-204">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">9,208</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">9,208</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total liability-related other changes</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-205">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">16,161</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">16,161</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Balance at December 31, 2021</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,329,756</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">128,924</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,458,680</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> 836008 219369 1055377 931862 931862 550426 550426 178040 178040 89903 89903 291533 -178040 113493 23079 1955 25034 52664 52664 -21714 -21714 89903 10088 99991 41038 41038 1240523 84322 1324845 1329756 128924 1015587 2474267 212450 212450 735686 7587 743273 1603768 1603768 2091971 2091971 60786 60786 133382 133382 -548989 735686 -133382 212450 7587 273352 55241 -1133 2932 57040 208615 208615 1576 12280 13856 1576 220895 222471 836008 736129 219369 1228037 7587 3027130 1540375 261275 1801650 719868 719868 897813 897813 143549 143549 55810 55810 -233755 -143549 -377304 23136 -4963 18173 6953 6953 9208 9208 16161 16161 1329756 128924 1458680 <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>12</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>CAPITAL AND RESERVES</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>i)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Share capital</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="10" style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2023</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="10" style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2022</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="10" style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2021</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Number of<br/> Class A<br/> shares</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Number of<br/> Class B<br/> shares</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">USD</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Number of<br/> Class A<br/> shares</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Number of<br/> Class B<br/> shares</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">USD</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Number of<br/> Class A<br/> shares</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Number of<br/> Class B<br/> shares</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">USD</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Issued and fully paid:</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Shares</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in; width: 23.5%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">As at the beginning of year</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 7%; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30,588,830</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 7%; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">5,000,000</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 7%; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,228,037</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 7%; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">23,792,943</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 7%; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">5,000,000</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 7%; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,015,587</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 7%; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">23,792,943</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 7%; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">5,000,000</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 7%; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,015,587</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Issuance of shares</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">800,000</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-206; font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,600,000</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">6,795,887</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-207; font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">212,450</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-208; font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Conversion of a convertible loan</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,911,170</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-209; font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">736,113</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><span style="font-size: 8pt">As at end of year</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">33,300,000</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">5,000,000</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">3,564,150</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30,588,830</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">5,000,000</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,228,037</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">23,792,943</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">5,000,000</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,015,587</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Holders of class A shares are entitled to dividends as declared from time to time and are entitled to one vote per share at general meetings of the Company. The holder of class B shares is not entitled to dividends as declared from time to time and is entitled to twenty (20) vote per share at general meeting of the Company.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 49.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In September 2022, the general meeting of shareholders approved the issue of 6,750,881 class A shares at a price of S$1.00 per share (2021: <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-210">nil</span>).</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 49.5pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Additionally, 22,503 and 22,503 class A shares were issued as a result of the establishment of YY Circle Sdn Bhd and Hong Ye Maintenance (MY) Sdn Bhd on July 22, 2022 and November 8, 2022, respectively.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On February 21, 2023, the Group issued 800,000 class A shares to V Capital Quantum Sdn Bhd at a price of $2.00 per shares in exchange for the IPO related consultation service fee received for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company recognized it as deferred IPO cost over the service period.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On February 28, 2023, the Group and Mr. Tan Soo Seng (“Lender”) agreed and signed a Notice to terminate the Convertible Loan Agreement, with effect on February 28, 2023. The Company issued 1,911,170 or 4.99% class A shares under the Company to the Lender.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"> <td style="width: 48px"></td><td style="width: 48px; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>ii)</b></span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Nature and purpose of reserves</b></span></td> </tr></table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 48px"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>a)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Foreign currency translation reserve</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 49.65pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The foreign currency translation reserve comprises all foreign currency differences arising from the translation of the financial statements of foreign operations.</span></p> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Share capital</b></span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="10" style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2023</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="10" style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2022</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="10" style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2021</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Number of<br/> Class A<br/> shares</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Number of<br/> Class B<br/> shares</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">USD</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Number of<br/> Class A<br/> shares</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Number of<br/> Class B<br/> shares</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">USD</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Number of<br/> Class A<br/> shares</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Number of<br/> Class B<br/> shares</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">USD</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Issued and fully paid:</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding: 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Shares</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in; width: 23.5%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">As at the beginning of year</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 7%; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30,588,830</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 7%; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">5,000,000</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 7%; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,228,037</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 7%; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">23,792,943</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 7%; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">5,000,000</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 7%; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,015,587</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 7%; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">23,792,943</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 7%; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">5,000,000</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 7%; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,015,587</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; width: 0.5%; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Issuance of shares</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">800,000</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-206; font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,600,000</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">6,795,887</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-207; font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">212,450</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-208; font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Conversion of a convertible loan</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,911,170</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-209; font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">736,113</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"></td><td style="padding: 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><span style="font-size: 8pt">As at end of year</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">33,300,000</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">5,000,000</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">3,564,150</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">30,588,830</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">5,000,000</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,228,037</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">23,792,943</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">5,000,000</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,015,587</span></td><td style="padding: 0pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; text-indent: 0pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> </table> 30588830 5000000 1228037 23792943 5000000 1015587 23792943 5000000 1015587 800000 1600000 6795887 212450 1911170 736113 33300000 5000000 3564150 30588830 5000000 1228037 23792943 5000000 1015587 1 20 6750881 1 22503 22503 800000 2 1911170 4.99 <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>13.</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>EARNINGS PER SHARE</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to shareholders for the years ended December 31,</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 41.05pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022<br/> (As revised²)</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2021<br/> (As revised²)</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Profit for the year</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">864,037</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">761,340</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">362,860</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Less: Income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">11,703</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(288</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Profits for the year attributable to shareholders</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">852,334</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">761,628</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">362,860</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Basic weighted-average shares outstanding</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">37,877,099</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">30,674,250</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">28,792,943</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Basic earnings per share attributable to shareholders</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">0.02</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">0.02</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">0.01</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">37,877,099</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">32,690,039</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">28,792,943</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Diluted earnings per share attributable to shareholders</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">0.02</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">0.02</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">0.01</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share attributable to shareholders for the years ended December 31,</span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022<br/> (As revised²)</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2021<br/> (As revised²)</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Profit for the year</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">864,037</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">761,340</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">362,860</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Less: Income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">11,703</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(288</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">-</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Profits for the year attributable to shareholders</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">852,334</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">761,628</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">362,860</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Basic weighted-average shares outstanding</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">37,877,099</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">30,674,250</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">28,792,943</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Basic earnings per share attributable to shareholders</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">0.02</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">0.02</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">0.01</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">37,877,099</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">32,690,039</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">28,792,943</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Diluted earnings per share attributable to shareholders</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">0.02</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">0.02</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">0.01</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> 864037 761340 362860 11703 -288 852334 761628 362860 37877099 30674250 28792943 0.02 0.02 0.01 37877099 32690039 28792943 0.02 0.02 0.01 <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>14 </b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>SEGMENT REPORTING</b></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>i)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Basis for segmentation</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group has the following strategic divisions which are its operating and also reportable segments. These segments offer different products and services, and are generally managed separately from a commercial, technological, marketing, operational and regulatory perspective. The Group’s chief executive officer (the Chief Operating Decision Maker or CODM) reviews performance of each segment on a monthly basis for purposes of business management, resource allocation, operating decision making and performance evaluation.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The following summary describes the operations of each reportable segment:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 49%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Reportable segments</i></b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 49%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Operations</i></b></span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cleaning service</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Acting as a contractor to provide long-term cleaning service to the client, the cleaning services are mainly provided to the hotels and shopping mall, including the areas of toilet, common area, bin center, elevator and etc.</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Manpower outsourcing services</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Providing casual workers by comprehensively understanding the corporate customers’ requirements and matching their requirements with qualified casual workers from various kinds of work including, but not limited to, Food &amp; Beverage Crews, Kitchen helper, retail assistant and etc.</span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"> </p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>ii)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Information about reportable segment</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The CODM evaluates operating segments based on revenue and Segment profit (loss). Total revenue for reportable segments equals consolidated revenue for the Group. Segment profit is defined as net profit or loss of each operating segment excluding the unallocated overhead cost.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"> </p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> <b>Cleaning </b> </span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> <b>Manpower </b> </span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Unallocated</b> </span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> <b>Total </b> </span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="text-decoration:underline">2023</span></td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 52%; font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">Segment Revenue</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">18,565,897</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">13,206,389</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-211">–</div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">31,772,286</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">Cost of revenue</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(17,156,622</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(10,963,884</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-212">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(28,120,506</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify">Other income</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,212,231</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">618,668</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-213">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,830,899</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">Selling and marketing expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(46,188</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(145,394</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-214">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(191,582</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify">General and administrative expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(904,227</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(606,278</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(2,335,862</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(3,846,367</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">Other expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(14,214</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(13,567</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-215">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(27,781</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify">Finance cost</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(160,662</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(58,086</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(109,862</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(328,610</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Income tax expenses</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(133,672</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(90,630</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-216">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(224,302</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Segment Profit (loss)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,362,543</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,947,218</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(2,445,724</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">864,037</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">2022 (As revised²)</span></b></span></td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">Segment Revenue</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">13,221,770</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">6,800,759</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-217">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">20,022,529</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify">Cost of revenue</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(11,899,993</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(5,550,138</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-218">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(17,450,131</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">Other income</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,899,039</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">53,381</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-219">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,952,420</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify">Selling and marketing expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(62,328</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(263,350</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-220">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(325,678</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">General and administrative expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(746,604</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(77,997</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(2,084,566</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(2,909,167</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify">Other expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(57,111</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(2</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-221">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(57,113</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">Finance cost</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(285,368</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-222">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(44,002</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(329,370</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Income tax expenses</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(107,220</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(34,930</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-223">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(142,150</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Segment Profit (loss)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,962,185</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">927,723</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(2,128,568</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">761,340</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">2021 (As revised²)</span></b></span></td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Segment Revenue</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">12,458,390</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">5,002,383</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-224">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">17,460,773</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Cost of revenue</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(11,396,564</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(3,765,821</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-225">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(15,162,385</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Other income</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">812,554</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">183,539</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-226">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">996,093</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Selling and marketing expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(73,846</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(115,296</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-227">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(189,142</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">General and administrative expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(576,479</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(74,872</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(1,925,848</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(2,577,199</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Other expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(10,362</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(18</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-228">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(10,380</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Finance cost</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(169,608</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-229">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-230">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(169,608</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Income tax (expenses) benefit</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(7,963</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">22,671</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-231">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">14,708</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Segment Profit (loss)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,036,122</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,252,586</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(1,925,848</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">362,860</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 32.45pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">  </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Revenue reported above represents revenue generated from external customers. There were inter-segment sales of $281,656 and $253,541 and $222,995 for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 and 2021 respectively.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 32.45pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Assets and liabilities are predominantly reviewed by the CODM at a consolidated level and not at a segment level. Within the Group’s non-current assets are property, plant and equipment which are primarily located in Singapore. Other non-current assets such as right-of-use assets are predominantly regional assets that are not attributed to a segment.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 32.45pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Segment assets and liabilities</b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 32.45pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Cleaning</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Manpower</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Unallocated</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 52%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Total Assets</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">4,746,652</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">3,627,009</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">2,296,429</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">10,670,090</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt">Total Liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">4,151,935</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,256,192</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,120,450</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">6,528,577</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">2022 (As revised)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Total Assets</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">4,225,542</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,215,619</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">326,621</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">5,767,782</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt">Total Liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">3,334,951</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">325,222</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,165,960</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">4,826,133</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Geographic allocation</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 32.45pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">All business units of the Group are operating in Singapore and Malaysia. The Group allocates revenue on the basis of the location of the customer. The geographic revenue generates majority from Singapore, while less than 10% of the Group’ revenue generated from Malaysia.</span></p> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The following summary describes the operations of each reportable segment:</span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 49%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Reportable segments</i></b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 2%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; width: 49%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Operations</i></b></span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cleaning service</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Acting as a contractor to provide long-term cleaning service to the client, the cleaning services are mainly provided to the hotels and shopping mall, including the areas of toilet, common area, bin center, elevator and etc.</span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: White"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Manpower outsourcing services</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Providing casual workers by comprehensively understanding the corporate customers’ requirements and matching their requirements with qualified casual workers from various kinds of work including, but not limited to, Food &amp; Beverage Crews, Kitchen helper, retail assistant and etc.</span></td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"> </p> Acting as a contractor to provide long-term cleaning service to the client, the cleaning services are mainly provided to the hotels and shopping mall, including the areas of toilet, common area, bin center, elevator and etc. Providing casual workers by comprehensively understanding the corporate customers’ requirements and matching their requirements with qualified casual workers from various kinds of work including, but not limited to, Food & Beverage Crews, Kitchen helper, retail assistant and etc. Total revenue for reportable segments equals consolidated revenue for the Group. Segment profit is defined as net profit or loss of each operating segment excluding the unallocated overhead cost.<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> <b>Cleaning </b> </span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> <b>Manpower </b> </span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Unallocated</b> </span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> <b>Total </b> </span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="text-decoration:underline">2023</span></td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 52%; font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">Segment Revenue</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">18,565,897</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">13,206,389</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-211">–</div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">31,772,286</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">Cost of revenue</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(17,156,622</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(10,963,884</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-212">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(28,120,506</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify">Other income</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,212,231</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">618,668</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-213">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,830,899</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">Selling and marketing expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(46,188</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(145,394</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-214">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(191,582</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify">General and administrative expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(904,227</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(606,278</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(2,335,862</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(3,846,367</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">Other expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(14,214</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(13,567</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-215">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(27,781</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify">Finance cost</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(160,662</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(58,086</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(109,862</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(328,610</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Income tax expenses</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(133,672</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(90,630</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-216">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(224,302</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Segment Profit (loss)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,362,543</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,947,218</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(2,445,724</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">864,037</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">2022 (As revised²)</span></b></span></td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify">Segment Revenue</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">13,221,770</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">6,800,759</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-217">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">20,022,529</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify">Cost of revenue</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(11,899,993</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(5,550,138</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-218">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(17,450,131</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">Other income</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,899,039</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">53,381</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-219">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,952,420</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify">Selling and marketing expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(62,328</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(263,350</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-220">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(325,678</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">General and administrative expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(746,604</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(77,997</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(2,084,566</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(2,909,167</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify">Other expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(57,111</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(2</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-221">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(57,113</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">Finance cost</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(285,368</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-222">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(44,002</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(329,370</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Income tax expenses</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(107,220</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(34,930</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-223">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(142,150</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Segment Profit (loss)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,962,185</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">927,723</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(2,128,568</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">761,340</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: underline"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><span style="text-decoration:underline">2021 (As revised²)</span></b></span></td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Segment Revenue</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">12,458,390</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">5,002,383</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-224">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">17,460,773</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td>Cost of revenue</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(11,396,564</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(3,765,821</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-225">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(15,162,385</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Other income</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">812,554</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">183,539</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-226">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">996,093</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Selling and marketing expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(73,846</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(115,296</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-227">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(189,142</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">General and administrative expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(576,479</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(74,872</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(1,925,848</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(2,577,199</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Other expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(10,362</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(18</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-228">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(10,380</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Finance cost</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(169,608</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-229">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-230">–</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(169,608</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Income tax (expenses) benefit</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(7,963</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">22,671</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-231">–</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">14,708</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Segment Profit (loss)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,036,122</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,252,586</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(1,925,848</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">362,860</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> 18565897 13206389 31772286 -17156622 -10963884 -28120506 1212231 618668 1830899 -46188 -145394 -191582 -904227 -606278 -2335862 -3846367 -14214 -13567 -27781 -160662 -58086 -109862 -328610 -133672 -90630 -224302 1362543 1947218 -2445724 864037 13221770 6800759 20022529 -11899993 -5550138 -17450131 1899039 53381 1952420 -62328 -263350 -325678 -746604 -77997 -2084566 -2909167 -57111 -2 -57113 -285368 -44002 -329370 -107220 -34930 -142150 1962185 927723 -2128568 761340 12458390 5002383 17460773 -11396564 -3765821 -15162385 812554 183539 996093 -73846 -115296 -189142 -576479 -74872 -1925848 -2577199 -10362 -18 -10380 -169608 -169608 -7963 22671 14708 1036122 1252586 -1925848 362860 281656 253541 222995 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Segment assets and liabilities</b></span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Cleaning</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Manpower</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Unallocated</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 52%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Total Assets</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">4,746,652</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">3,627,009</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">2,296,429</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">10,670,090</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt">Total Liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">4,151,935</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,256,192</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,120,450</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">6,528,577</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">2022 (As revised)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-left: 9pt">Total Assets</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">4,225,542</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,215,619</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">326,621</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">5,767,782</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; padding-left: 9pt">Total Liabilities</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">3,334,951</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">325,222</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,165,960</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">4,826,133</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> 4746652 3627009 2296429 10670090 4151935 1256192 1120450 6528577 4225542 1215619 326621 5767782 3334951 325222 1165960 4826133 0.10 <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>15</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>INCOME AND EXPENSES</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">i)</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other income</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2021</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Government grant income*</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,207,154</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,952,418</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">996,026</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Other operating income**</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">455,943</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-232">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-233">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Others</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">167,802</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">2</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">67</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total other income</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,830,899</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,952,420</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">996,093</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">  </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"> <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">*</td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Government grant income was provided by the Singapore Government under the Job Support Scheme and Jobs Growth Incentives.</span></td> </tr></table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"> <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">**</td><td style="text-align: justify">Other operating income was related to a license grant fee charge to YY Circle (Thailand) Ltd and YY Circle (HK) Pte Ltd, which are unrelated parties with the Company.</td> </tr></table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">ii)</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other expenses</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2021</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; text-align: justify">Late charges &amp; fine</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(27,781</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(8,718</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(10,380</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Loss on disposal of property and equipment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-234">-</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(48,395</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-235">-</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total other expenses</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(27,781</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(57,113</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(10,380</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">iii)</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Expenses by nature</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total cost of revenue, selling and marketing expenses, general and administrative expenses include expenses of the following nature:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 32.45pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022<br/> (As revised²)</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2021 <br/> (As revised²)</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Advertisement and promotions</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">191,582</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">325,678</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">189,142</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Depreciation</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">288,557</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">340,558</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">398,804</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Legal and professional fee</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">584,145</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">40,727</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">16,254</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Office expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">216,332</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">141,870</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">167,175</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Rental of equipment and others</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">292,897</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">224,730</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">195,910</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Staff expenses and wages</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">27,172,767</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">17,938,407</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">15,511,366</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Transportation</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">90,737</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">42,653</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">22,481</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Insurance expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">237,097</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">116,607</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-236">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Other operating expenses</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">3,084,341</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,513,746</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,427,594</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Total cost of revenue, selling and marketing expenses, general and administrative expenses.</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">32,158,455</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">20,684,976</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">17,928,726</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> </p></td></tr> </table> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other income</span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2021</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Government grant income*</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,207,154</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,952,418</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">996,026</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Other operating income**</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">455,943</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-232">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-233">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Others</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">167,802</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">2</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">67</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total other income</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,830,899</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">1,952,420</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">996,093</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"> <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">*</td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Government grant income was provided by the Singapore Government under the Job Support Scheme and Jobs Growth Incentives.</span></td> </tr></table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"> <td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left">**</td><td style="text-align: justify">Other operating income was related to a license grant fee charge to YY Circle (Thailand) Ltd and YY Circle (HK) Pte Ltd, which are unrelated parties with the Company.</td> </tr></table> 1207154 1952418 996026 455943 167802 2 67 1830899 1952420 996093 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Other expenses</span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2021</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; text-align: justify">Late charges &amp; fine</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(27,781</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(8,718</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(10,380</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Loss on disposal of property and equipment</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-234">-</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(48,395</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-235">-</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total other expenses</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(27,781</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(57,113</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(10,380</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr> </table> 27781 8718 10380 48395 -27781 -57113 -10380 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Total cost of revenue, selling and marketing expenses, general and administrative expenses include expenses of the following nature:</span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022<br/> (As revised²)</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2021 <br/> (As revised²)</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Advertisement and promotions</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">191,582</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">325,678</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">189,142</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Depreciation</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">288,557</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">340,558</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">398,804</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Legal and professional fee</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">584,145</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">40,727</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">16,254</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Office expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">216,332</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">141,870</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">167,175</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Rental of equipment and others</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">292,897</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">224,730</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">195,910</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Staff expenses and wages</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">27,172,767</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">17,938,407</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">15,511,366</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Transportation</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">90,737</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">42,653</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">22,481</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Insurance expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">237,097</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">116,607</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-236">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Other operating expenses</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">3,084,341</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,513,746</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">1,427,594</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-indent: -9pt; padding-left: 9pt">Total cost of revenue, selling and marketing expenses, general and administrative expenses.</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">32,158,455</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">20,684,976</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">17,928,726</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> </p></td></tr> </table> 191582 325678 189142 288557 340558 398804 584145 40727 16254 216332 141870 167175 292897 224730 195910 27172767 17938407 15511366 90737 42653 22481 237097 116607 3084341 1513746 1427594 32158455 20684976 17928726 <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>16</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>FINANCE COST</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022<br/> (As revised)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2021</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; text-align: justify">Fees from trade receivable factoring</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">218,749</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">212,302</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">104,590</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">Interest expenses from lease liabilities</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">10,088</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">12,280</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">9,208</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify">Interest expenses from guaranteed bank loans</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">89,903</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">60,786</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">55,810</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Interest expenses of convertible loan</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">9,870</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">44,002</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-237">-</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total finance cost</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">328,610</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">329,370</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">169,608</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022<br/> (As revised)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2021</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; text-align: justify">Fees from trade receivable factoring</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">218,749</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">212,302</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">104,590</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify">Interest expenses from lease liabilities</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">10,088</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">12,280</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">9,208</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: justify">Interest expenses from guaranteed bank loans</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">89,903</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">60,786</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">55,810</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Interest expenses of convertible loan</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">9,870</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">44,002</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-237">-</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Total finance cost</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">328,610</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">329,370</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">169,608</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> 218749 212302 104590 10088 12280 9208 89903 60786 55810 9870 44002 328610 329370 169608 <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>17</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>INCOME TAX EXPENSES / (BENEFIT)</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 27.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.35pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022<br/> (As revised²)</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2021<br/> (As revised²)</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Current Tax Expense</td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Current year</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">115,833</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">107,355</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">13,829</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Changes in estimates related to prior years</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">30,607</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-238">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-239">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Deferred tax expense/(credit)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Origination and reversal of temporary difference</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">77,862</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">34,795</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(28,537</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Income tax expenses/(benefit)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">224,302</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">142,150</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(14,708</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 27.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.35pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The tax on the Group’s profit before income tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the Singapore’s standard rate of income tax as follows:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022 <br/> (As revised²)</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2021 <br/> (As revised²)</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Reconciliation between tax expenses and accounting profit at applicable tax rate</td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Profit before tax</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,088,339</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">903,490</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">348,152</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Tax at the domestic rates applicable to profits in the countries where the Group operates</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">185,018</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">153,593</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">59,185</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Difference from the effect of tax rates in a foreign jurisdiction</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">10,583</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(292</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">12,058</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Non-deductible expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">11,084</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,483</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(72,982</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Other Non-taxable Income</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(12,990</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(12,634</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(12,969</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Changes in estimates related to prior years</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">30,607</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-240">-</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-241">-</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Income tax expenses (benefit)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">224,302</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">142,150</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(14,708</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> </p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022 <br/> (As revised)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Deferred tax assets</td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Tax losses carried forward</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">11,734</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">77,063</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Lease liability</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">14,335</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">37,293</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Deferred tax liabilities</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Right-of-use assets</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">13,334</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">35,811</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Depreciation</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">11,997</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-242">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Net deferred tax assets</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">738</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">78,545</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"> </p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in">Movement in deferred tax liabilities:</p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Accelerated <br/> tax <br/> depreciation</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Right-of-use <br/> assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Balance at January 1, 2022 (As revised²)</b></span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-243">-</div></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(20,972</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(20,972</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Recognized in profit or loss</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-244">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(14,358</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(14,358</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Effect of movement in exchange rates</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-245">-</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(481</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(481</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Balance at December 31, 2022 and January 1, 2023 (As revised²)</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-246">-</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(35,811</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(35,811</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Recognized in profit or loss</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(11,793</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">22,789</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">10,996</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Effect of movement in exchange rates</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(204</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(312</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(516</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">Balance at December 31, 2023</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(11,997</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(13,334</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(25,331</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"> </p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in">Movement in deferred tax assets:</p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"> </p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Accelerated <br/> tax<br/> depreciation</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Tax losses <br/> carried <br/> forward</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Lease <br/> liability</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 52%; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Balance at January 1, 2022 (As revised²)</b></span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">5,261</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">107,460</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">21,917</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">134,638</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Recognized in profit or loss</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(5,156</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(30,158</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">14,877</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(20,437</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Effect of movement in exchange rates</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(105</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(239</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">499</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">155</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Balance at December 31, 2022 and January 1, 2023 (As revised²)</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-247">-</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">77,063</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">37,293</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">114,356</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Recognized in profit or loss</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-248">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(65,567</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(23,291</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(88,858</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Effect of movement in exchange rates</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-249">-</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">238</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">333</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">571</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">Balance at December 31, 2023</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-250">-</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">11,734</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">14,335</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">26,069</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">  </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The deferred tax assets is mainly recognized in respect of temporary differences effected by net operating losses. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had temporary difference of lease liability of $84,322 and $219,369 respectively, mainly from the Company’s Singapore subsidiaries Hong Ye Group Pte Ltd. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had net operating losses carry forward of $24,863 and $407,552, respectively, mainly from the Company’s Singapore subsidiaries YY Circle (SG) Pte Ltd. The net operating losses from the Singapore subsidiaries can be carried forward indefinitely. Due to the Singapore subsidiaries’ operating history of turning losses into profits, the Company is certain that these net operating losses can be utilized. As a result, the Company provided a 100% recognition on deferred tax assets of $738 and $78,545 as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022<br/> (As revised²)</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2021<br/> (As revised²)</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Current Tax Expense</td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; text-align: left">Current year</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">115,833</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">107,355</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">13,829</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Changes in estimates related to prior years</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">30,607</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-238">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-239">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Deferred tax expense/(credit)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Origination and reversal of temporary difference</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">77,862</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">34,795</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(28,537</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Income tax expenses/(benefit)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">224,302</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">142,150</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(14,708</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr> </table> 115833 107355 13829 30607 77862 34795 -28537 -224302 -142150 14708 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The tax on the Group’s profit before income tax differs from the theoretical amount that would arise using the Singapore’s standard rate of income tax as follows:</span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2022 <br/> (As revised²)</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>2021 <br/> (As revised²)</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Reconciliation between tax expenses and accounting profit at applicable tax rate</td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Profit before tax</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,088,339</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">903,490</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">348,152</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Tax at the domestic rates applicable to profits in the countries where the Group operates</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">185,018</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">153,593</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">59,185</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Difference from the effect of tax rates in a foreign jurisdiction</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">10,583</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(292</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">12,058</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Non-deductible expenses</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">11,084</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">1,483</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(72,982</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Other Non-taxable Income</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(12,990</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(12,634</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(12,969</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Changes in estimates related to prior years</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">30,607</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-240">-</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-241">-</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Income tax expenses (benefit)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">224,302</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">142,150</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(14,708</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr> </table> 1088339 903490 348152 185018 153593 59185 10583 -292 12058 11084 1483 -72982 -12990 -12634 -12969 30607 224302 142150 -14708 <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022 <br/> (As revised)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold">Deferred tax assets</td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td><td> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: left">Tax losses carried forward</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">11,734</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">77,063</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Lease liability</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">14,335</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">37,293</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">Deferred tax liabilities</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Right-of-use assets</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">13,334</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">35,811</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td>Depreciation</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">11,997</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-242">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt">Net deferred tax assets</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">738</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">78,545</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"> </p> 11734 77063 14335 37293 13334 35811 11997 738 78545 Movement in deferred tax liabilities:<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Accelerated <br/> tax <br/> depreciation</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Right-of-use <br/> assets</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Balance at January 1, 2022 (As revised²)</b></span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-243">-</div></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(20,972</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(20,972</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Recognized in profit or loss</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-244">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(14,358</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(14,358</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Effect of movement in exchange rates</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-245">-</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(481</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(481</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Balance at December 31, 2022 and January 1, 2023 (As revised²)</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-246">-</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(35,811</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(35,811</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Recognized in profit or loss</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(11,793</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">22,789</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">10,996</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Effect of movement in exchange rates</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(204</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(312</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(516</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">Balance at December 31, 2023</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(11,997</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(13,334</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">(25,331</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left">)</td></tr> </table>Movement in deferred tax assets:<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Accelerated <br/> tax<br/> depreciation</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Tax losses <br/> carried <br/> forward</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Lease <br/> liability</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 52%; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Balance at January 1, 2022 (As revised²)</b></span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">5,261</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">107,460</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">21,917</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">134,638</td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Recognized in profit or loss</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(5,156</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(30,158</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">14,877</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(20,437</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Effect of movement in exchange rates</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(105</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">(239</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left">)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">499</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">155</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Balance at December 31, 2022 and January 1, 2023 (As revised²)</b></span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-247">-</div></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">77,063</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">37,293</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">114,356</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-align: left">Recognized in profit or loss</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-248">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(65,567</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(23,291</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(88,858</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Effect of movement in exchange rates</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-249">-</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">238</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">333</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">571</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt">Balance at December 31, 2023</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-250">-</div></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">11,734</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">14,335</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">26,069</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> -20972 -20972 -14358 -14358 -481 -481 -35811 -35811 -11793 22789 10996 -204 -312 -516 -11997 -13334 -25331 5261 107460 21917 134638 -5156 -30158 14877 -20437 -105 -239 499 155 77063 37293 114356 -65567 -23291 -88858 238 333 571 11734 14335 26069 84322 219369 24863 407552 1 738 78545 <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>18</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>RELATED PARTIES</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 27.35pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -27.35pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>i)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Transactions with key management personnel</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>a)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Key management personnel compensation</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Compensation to Directors and executive officers of the Group comprised the following:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.55pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2021</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 64%; text-align: justify">Short-term employee benefits</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">449,068</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">503,155</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">460,475</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"> </p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>b)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Key management personnel transactions</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.75in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The aggregate value of transactions and outstanding balances related to key management personnel and entities over which they have control or significant influence were as follows.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Transaction values for the years<br/> ended December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Balance outstanding as at<br/> December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2021</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: left">(Repayment from)/loan to a shareholder, net</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(458,403</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,035,306</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(870,102</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-251">-</div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">457,312</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Interest paid by a shareholder on behalf of the Company*</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(59,559</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-252">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-253">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(59,559</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-254">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Rental expenses to a related party and rental payable to a director**</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">31,311</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">25,769</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">31,258</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(2,654</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(74,292</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The CEO paid the interest of convertible note on behalf of the Company on March 1, 2023 with an amount of $59,559.</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">**</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amount due to this related party represents the lease payable to the employee dormitory rented from a director.</span></p></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"> </p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"> <td style="width: 0.5in"></td><td style="width: 0.5in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>ii)</b></span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Other related party transactions</b></span></td> </tr></table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"> </p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Transaction values for the <br/> years ended December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Balance outstanding as at<br/> December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2021</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: left">Advance to a related party</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-255">-</div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">25,167</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">744</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-256">-</div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">27,253</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Upkeeping and maintenance service provided by a related party and payable to a related party</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(40,083</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(26,659</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-257">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(5,308</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(27,253</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in; text-align: left">Payment on behalf of the Company by a related party</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-258">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-259">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(60,394</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-260">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(60,351</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Landscape crew outsourcing service provided to a related party and receivable from a related party</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">32,153</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-261">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">60,394</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">31,298</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">60,351</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Outdoor landscape service provided by a related party and payable to a related party</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(6,143</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-262">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-263">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-264">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-265">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">YY App license grant service provided to a related party and receivable from a related party</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">111,823</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-266">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-267">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-268">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-269">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 32.45pt; text-align: justify"> </p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; width: 100%"><tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"> <td style="width: 0in"></td><td style="width: 0.25in; text-align: left"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td><td style="text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Both of the transactions are provided by/to the same related party. The Company and the related party signed an agreement on December 31, 2022 to offset the balances of $27,253.</span></td> </tr></table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 32.45pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">**</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Both of the transactions are provided by/to the same related party. The Company and the related party signed an agreement on December 31, 2022 to offset the balances of $60,351.</span></td></tr> </table> Compensation to Directors and executive officers of the Group comprised the following:    2023   2022   2021     USD   USD   USD  Short-term employee benefits   449,068    503,155    460,475    449068 503155 460475 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The aggregate value of transactions and outstanding balances related to key management personnel and entities over which they have control or significant influence were as follows.</span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Transaction values for the years<br/> ended December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Balance outstanding as at<br/> December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2021</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: left">(Repayment from)/loan to a shareholder, net</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(458,403</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">1,035,306</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">(870,102</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left">)</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-251">-</div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">457,312</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Interest paid by a shareholder on behalf of the Company*</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(59,559</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-252">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-253">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(59,559</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-254">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Rental expenses to a related party and rental payable to a director**</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">31,311</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">25,769</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">31,258</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(2,654</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(74,292</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The CEO paid the interest of convertible note on behalf of the Company on March 1, 2023 with an amount of $59,559.</span></td></tr> </table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.35in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">**</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Amount due to this related party represents the lease payable to the employee dormitory rented from a director.</span></p></td></tr> </table> -458403 1035306 -870102 457312 59559 59559 31311 25769 31258 -2654 -74292 59559 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Other related party transactions</b></span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Transaction values for the <br/> years ended December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">Balance outstanding as at<br/> December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2021</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: center">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: left">Advance to a related party</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-255">-</div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">25,167</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">744</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-256">-</div></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">27,253</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Upkeeping and maintenance service provided by a related party and payable to a related party</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(40,083</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(26,659</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-257">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(5,308</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(27,253</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="padding-left: 0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in; text-align: left">Payment on behalf of the Company by a related party</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-258">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-259">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(60,394</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-260">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(60,351</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Landscape crew outsourcing service provided to a related party and receivable from a related party</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">32,153</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-261">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">60,394</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">31,298</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">60,351</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">Outdoor landscape service provided by a related party and payable to a related party</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">(6,143</td><td style="text-align: left">)</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-262">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-263">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-264">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-265">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left">YY App license grant service provided to a related party and receivable from a related party</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">111,823</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-266">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-267">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-268">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"><div style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-269">-</div></td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> 25167 744 27253 40083 26659 5308 27253 60394 60351 32153 60394 31298 60351 6143 111823 27253 60351 <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>19</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b> </b></span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>i)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Financial risk management</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group has exposure to the following risks from its use of financial instruments:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">credit risk;</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">liquidity risk; and</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 5.4pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.25in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">●</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">market risk</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 32.45pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">This note presents information about the Group’s exposure to each of the above risks, the Group’s objectives, policies and processes for measuring and managing risk, and the Group’s management of capital.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 32.45pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>a)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Risk management framework</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 32.45pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Board of Directors has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Group’s risk management framework. Group management establishes policies and procedures around risk identification, measurement and management; and setting and monitoring risk limits and controls, in accordance with the objectives and underlying principles in the risk management framework approved by the Board of Directors. Risk management policies and procedures are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and the Group’s activities.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 32.45pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>b)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Credit risk</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 32.45pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations, and arises principally from the Group’s trade receivables, prepayment other current assets and cash.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 32.45pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">At the end of each reporting period, the Group’s maximum exposure to credit risk which will cause a financial loss to the Group due to failure to discharge an obligation by the counterparties arises from the carrying amount of the respective recognized financial assets as stated in the statements of financial position.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 32.45pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In order to minimize credit risk, the Group has delegated its finance team to develop and maintain the Group’s credit risk grading to categorize exposures according to their degree of risk of default. The finance team uses publicly available financial information assesses the financial strength of its customers and the Group’s own historical repayment records to rate its major customers and debtors. as a consequence, the Group believes that its accounts receivable credit risk exposure is limited.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 32.45pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In addition, the Company has a sizable customer base which minimizes the concentration of credit risk and the aggregate value of transactions concluded is spread amongst approved counterparties. The Company does not have any customers’ receivable which account for more than 10% of total accounts receivable. No impairment losses on financial assets were recognized in profit or loss for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.5in"> </p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.55pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The aging of trade receivables and prepayments and other current assets were as follows:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.55pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i> </i></b></span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Current <br/> (≤ 30 days)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">31-60 days</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">61-90 days</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">≥91 days</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: left">Trade receivables</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">4,155,737</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">3,420,967</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">439,602</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">104,473</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">190,695</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold">As at December 31, 2022</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,155,737</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,420,967</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">439,602</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">104,473</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">190,695</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Trade receivables</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">7,037,942</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">5,767,145</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">625,375</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">238,034</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">407,388</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold">As at December 31, 2023</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">7,037,942</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">5,767,145</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">625,375</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">238,034</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">407,388</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.55pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i> </i></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Trade receivables factoring program</i></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.55pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i> </i></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A subsidiary of the Company in Singapore has an agreement to factor, on a limited recourse basis, certain of its trade receivables up to a limit of S$4.5 million in exchange for advanced funding up to 90% of the principal value of the invoice as of December 31, 2023. The Company is charged a service fee of 0.35% based on the face value of the invoices assigned and interest rate of 7.00% per annum, based on the number of days between the funds release date and customer payment date. The program is utilized to provide sufficient liquidity to support its international operating cash needs. Upon transfer of the trade receivables, the Company receives cash proceeds and continues to service the trade receivables on behalf of the third-party financial institution. The program does not meet the derecognition requirements in accordance with IFRS 9, Financial Instruments as the Company retained substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership upon the factoring of a trade receivable. These proceeds are classified as cash flows from operating activities in the statement of cash flows.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.55pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group does not have collateral in respect of outstanding trade receivables. The Group does not have trade receivables for which no allowance is recognized because of collateral.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.55pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i> </i></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The exposure to credit risk for trade receivables at the reporting date by geographic region was as follows:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.55pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Net carrying amount as at <br/> December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: justify">Singapore</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">6,130,586</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">3,964,711</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Malaysia</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">907,356</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">191,026</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">7,037,942</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,155,737</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.55pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>c)</i></b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Liquidity risk</i></b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.55pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i> </i></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Risk management policy</i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.55pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i> </i></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset. The Group’s objective when managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when they are due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the Group’s reputation.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.55pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Management monitors rolling forecasts of the Group’s cash on the basis of expected cash flows. This is generally carried out by operating companies of the Group in accordance with practice and limits set by the Group. These limits vary by location to take into account the liquidity of the market in which the entity operates. In addition, the Group’s liquidity management policy involves projecting cash flows in major currencies and considering the level of liquid assets necessary to meet these.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"> </p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group monitors its liquidity risk and maintains a level of cash balances deemed adequate by management to finance the Group’s operations and to mitigate the effects of fluctuation in cash flows</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.55pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i> </i></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">As part of their overall liquidity management, the Group maintains sufficient levels of funds to meet its working capital requirements and financed mainly through the trade receivable factoring program and long-term guaranteed bank loans (see Note 10).</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.55pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i> </i></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The following are the contractual maturities of financial liabilities considered in the context of the Group’s liquidity risk management strategy. The amounts are gross and undiscounted and include contractual interest payments.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.55pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i> </i></b></span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 8pt">For the years ending December 31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2026</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2027</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2028</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Thereafter</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Total</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Imputed<br/> interests</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Carrying<br/> amount <br/> as of<br/> December 31, <br/> 2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">USD</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">USD</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">USD</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">USD</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">USD</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">USD</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">USD</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">USD</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">USD</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Financial liabilities</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; width: 10%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Guaranteed bank loans</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">762,332</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">398,609</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">119,429</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">27,856</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">10,119</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 7%; text-align: right">   <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-270; font-size: 8pt">–</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,318,345</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">77,822</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 7%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,240,523</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Trade and other payables</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2,996,636</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-271; font-size: 8pt">–</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-272; font-size: 8pt">–</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-273; font-size: 8pt">–</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-274; font-size: 8pt">–</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-275; font-size: 8pt">–</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2,996,636</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-276; font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2,996,636</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Lease obligation</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">74,536</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">14,014</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,544</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-277; font-size: 8pt">–</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-278; font-size: 8pt">–</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-279; font-size: 8pt">–</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">90,094</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">5,772</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">84,322</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Total contractual obligations</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">3,833,504</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">412,623</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">120,973</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">27,856</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">10,119</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-280; font-size: 8pt">–</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">4,405,075</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt"><b>83,594</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"><b> </b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"><b> </b></span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt"><b>4,321,481</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.55pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i> </i></b></span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>d)</i></b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Market risk</i></b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i> </i></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Market risk is the risk that changes in market prices, such as foreign exchange rates, interest rates and equity prices will affect the Group’s income. The objective of market risk management is to manage and control market risk exposures within acceptable parameters, while optimizing the return.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i> </i></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Interest rate risks</i></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 32.45pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group is exposed to interest rate risk as the Group has bank loans which are interest bearing. The interest rates and terms of repayment of the loans are disclosed in the notes to the financial statements. The Group currently does not have an interest rate hedging policy.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 32.45pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Interest rate sensitivity analysis</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 32.45pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The sensitivity analysis below has been determined based on the exposure to interest rate for non-derivative instruments at the end of year end. A 100-basis point increase or decrease is used when reporting interest rate risk internally to key management personnel and represents management’s assessment of the reasonably possible change in interest rates.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 32.45pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i> </i></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">If interest rates on guaranteed bank loans had been 100 basis points higher/lower and all other variables were held constant, the Group’s post-tax profit for the year would decrease/increase by approximately $10,792 (2022: $7,273).</p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b><i>Foreign exchange risk</i></b></span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group mainly operates in Singapore with majority of the transactions settled in SGD and USD. Foreign exchange risk arises when future commercial transactions or recognized assets or liabilities are denominated in a currency that is not the respective entities’ functional currencies.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Since SGD is pegged with USD, there are no significant foreign currency exposure for USD dominated financial assets and liabilities.</span></p><p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"> </p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>ii)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Capital management</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group’s objectives in managing capital are to ensure that the Group will be able to continue as a going concern and to maintain an optimal capital structure so as to enable it to execute business plans and to maximize shareholder value. The Group defines “capital” as including all components of equity and external borrowings.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The capital management strategy translates into the need to ensure that at all times the Group has the liquidity and cash to meet its obligations as they fall due while maintaining a careful balance between equity and debt to finance its assets, day-to-day operations and future growth. Having access to flexible and cost-effective financing allows the Group to respond quickly to opportunities.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group’s capital structure is reviewed on an ongoing basis with adjustments made in light of changes in economic conditions, regulatory requirements and business strategies affecting the Group. The Group balances its overall capital structure by considering the costs of capital and the risks associated with each class of capital. In order to maintain or achieve an optimal capital structure, the Group may issue new shares from time to time, retire or obtain new borrowings or adjust the asset portfolio.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 32.45pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>iii)</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Accounting classification and fair values</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The fair values of the Group’s financial instruments (other than convertible loan initially measured at fair value) approximate their carrying amounts due to the short-term maturity of these instruments.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The liability component of the convertible loan is recognized initially at the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an equity conversion option, which was measured using Level 3 fair value.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The following table show the valuation techniques used in measuring Level 3 fair values for the convertible loan in the statement of financial position, as well as the significant unobservable inputs used.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 32.45pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 31%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 22%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Valuation technique</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 22%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Significant <br/> unobservable inputs</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 22%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Inter-relationship <br/> between significant <br/> unobservable inputs</b></span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><b>Liability</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-281; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Convertible loan</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Discounted cash flows</i>: The valuation model considers the present value of expected payments, discounted using a risk-adjusted discount rate.</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The interest rate for the long-term borrowings without conversion right, which is 8.26% assessed by the management.</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The interest rate will impact the cash flow for the following periods</span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 32.45pt; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Group used the interest rate for the long-term borrowings without conversion right to calculate the cash flow, based on which, the Group determined the fair value of the liability component using the present value.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, there were no transfers among instruments in level 1, level 2 or level 3.</span></p> 0.10 0 0 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The aging of trade receivables and prepayments and other current assets were as follows:</span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Total</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Current <br/> (≤ 30 days)</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">31-60 days</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">61-90 days</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">≥91 days</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: left">Trade receivables</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">4,155,737</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">3,420,967</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">439,602</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">104,473</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">190,695</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="font-weight: bold">As at December 31, 2022</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,155,737</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">3,420,967</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">439,602</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">104,473</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">190,695</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right"> </td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: left">Trade receivables</td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">7,037,942</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">5,767,145</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">625,375</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">238,034</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td><td> </td> <td style="text-align: left"> </td><td style="text-align: right">407,388</td><td style="text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold">As at December 31, 2023</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">7,037,942</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">5,767,145</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">625,375</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">238,034</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right">407,388</td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> 4155737 3420967 439602 104473 190695 4155737 3420967 439602 104473 190695 7037942 5767145 625375 238034 407388 7037942 5767145 625375 238034 407388 4500000 0.90 0.0035 0.07 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The exposure to credit risk for trade receivables at the reporting date by geographic region was as follows:</span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: justify"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="6" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">Net carrying amount as at <br/> December 31,</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2023</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid">2022</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-align: center"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center">USD</td><td style="font-weight: bold"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="width: 76%; text-align: justify">Singapore</td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">6,130,586</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 1%"> </td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td><td style="width: 9%; text-align: right">3,964,711</td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt">Malaysia</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">907,356</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right">191,026</td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"> </td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 4pt">Total</td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">7,037,942</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"> </td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right">4,155,737</td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"> </td></tr> </table> 6130586 3964711 907356 191026 7037942 4155737 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The following are the contractual maturities of financial liabilities considered in the context of the Group’s liquidity risk management strategy. The amounts are gross and undiscounted and include contractual interest payments.</span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="font-weight: bold; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 8pt">For the years ending December 31,</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2024</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2025</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2026</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2027</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2028</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Thereafter</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Total</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Imputed<br/> interests</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center; border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Carrying<br/> amount <br/> as of<br/> December 31, <br/> 2023</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">USD</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">USD</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">USD</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">USD</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">USD</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">USD</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">USD</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">USD</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt">USD</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Financial liabilities</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td colspan="2"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; width: 10%; text-align: justify"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Guaranteed bank loans</span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">762,332</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">398,609</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">119,429</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">27,856</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">10,119</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 7%; text-align: right">   <span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-270; font-size: 8pt">–</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,318,345</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 1%"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 7%; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">77,822</span></td><td style="width: 1%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="width: 7%; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,240,523</span></td><td style="width: 1%; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Trade and other payables</span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2,996,636</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-271; font-size: 8pt">–</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-272; font-size: 8pt">–</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-273; font-size: 8pt">–</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-274; font-size: 8pt">–</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-275; font-size: 8pt">–</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2,996,636</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-276; font-size: 8pt">-</span></td><td style="text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">2,996,636</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; text-align: justify; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Lease obligation</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">74,536</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">14,014</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">1,544</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-277; font-size: 8pt">–</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-278; font-size: 8pt">–</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-279; font-size: 8pt">–</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">90,094</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">5,772</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 1.5pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 1.5pt solid; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">84,322</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 1.5pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White"> <td style="text-indent: -0.125in; padding-left: 0.125in; font-weight: bold; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt">Total contractual obligations</span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">3,833,504</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">412,623</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">120,973</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">27,856</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">10,119</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-280; font-size: 8pt">–</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="font-weight: bold; padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; font-weight: bold; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt">4,405,075</span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; font-weight: bold; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt"><b>83,594</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"><b> </b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td> <td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"><b> </b></span></td><td style="border-bottom: Black 4pt double; text-align: right"><span style="font-size: 8pt"><b>4,321,481</b></span></td><td style="padding-bottom: 4pt; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 8pt"> </span></td></tr> </table> 762332 398609 119429 27856 10119 1318345 77822 1240523 2996636 2996636 2996636 74536 14014 1544 90094 5772 84322 3833504 412623 120973 27856 10119 4405075 83594 4321481 10792 7273 <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The following table show the valuation techniques used in measuring Level 3 fair values for the convertible loan in the statement of financial position, as well as the significant unobservable inputs used.</span><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 31%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 22%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Valuation technique</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 22%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Significant <br/> unobservable inputs</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; width: 22%; border-bottom: black 1.5pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Inter-relationship <br/> between significant <br/> unobservable inputs</b></span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><b>Liability</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td></tr> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="-sec-ix-hidden: hidden-fact-281; font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Convertible loan</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><i>Discounted cash flows</i>: The valuation model considers the present value of expected payments, discounted using a risk-adjusted discount rate.</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The interest rate for the long-term borrowings without conversion right, which is 8.26% assessed by the management.</span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The interest rate will impact the cash flow for the following periods</span></td></tr> </table> Discounted cash flows: The valuation model considers the present value of expected payments, discounted using a risk-adjusted discount rate. The interest rate for the long-term borrowings without conversion right, which is 8.26% assessed by the management. The interest rate will impact the cash flow for the following periods <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>20.</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>CONTINGENCIES</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">In the ordinary course of business, the Group may be subject to legal proceedings regarding contractual and employment relationships and a variety of other matters. The Group records contingent liabilities resulting from such claims, when a loss is assessed to be probable, and the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable. In the opinion of management, there were no pending or threatened claims and litigation as of December 31, 2023 and through the issuance date of these consolidated financial statements.</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%"> <tr style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: top"> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>21</b></span></td> <td style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>SUBSEQUENT EVENTS</b></span></td></tr> </table> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 26.95pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -26.95pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">The Company has assessed all events from December 31, 2023, up through May 14, 2024, which is the date that these consolidated financial statements are available to be issued, there are not any material subsequent events that require disclosure in these consolidated financial statements. Other than the events disclosed below:</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"> </span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">On April 24, 2024, the Company closed the initial public offering (the “IPO”) of its 1,125,000 Class A ordinary shares, no par value (the “Shares”). The Company completed the IPO pursuant to its registration statement on Form F-1 (File No. 333-275486), originally filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on November 13, 2023 (as amended, the “Registration Statement”). The Registration Statement was declared effective by the SEC on March 29, 2024. The Shares were priced at $4.00 per share, and the IPO was conducted on a firm commitment basis. The Shares were previously approved for listing on The Nasdaq Capital Market and commenced trading under the ticker symbol “YYGH” on April 22, 2024.</span></p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify"> </p> <p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify">On May 1, 2024 Mr. Fu Xiaowei transferred all the shares he owned in YY Circle (AU) Pty Ltd (“YY Circle (AU)”) to the Company with a consideration of $95, which was accounted for as a business combination under common control (“Transaction”). After the transaction, YY Circle (AU) became a majority owned subsidiary, with a remaining 5% of the company owned by Andrew Dvash.</p> 1125000 4 95 0.05 International Financial Reporting Standards 0.0826 false FY 0001985337 The shares and per share information are presented on a retroactive basis to reflect the reorganization. The shares and per share information are presented on a retroactive basis to reflect the reorganization. the balance of deferred IPO cost includes legal fees related to the registration drafting and counsel, consulting fees related to the registration preparation, SEC filling and print related costs, exchange listing costs, and road show related costs and other offering costs directly attributable to the Company’s initial public offering. It was subsequently charged against the gross proceeds from the Company’s initial public offering completed on April 22, 2024 as a reduction of share capital. Government grant income was provided by the Singapore Government under the Job Support Scheme and Jobs Growth Incentives. Other operating income was related to a license grant fee charge to YY Circle (Thailand) Ltd and YY Circle (HK) Pte Ltd, which are unrelated parties with the Company. The CEO paid the interest of convertible note on behalf of the Company on March 1, 2023 with an amount of $59,559. Amount due to this related party represents the lease payable to the employee dormitory rented from a director.